https://www.jri.ir/ "Journal of Reproduction & Infertility" is owned, published, and copyrighted by ©2009 Avicenna Research Institute. No parts of this journal may be reproduced in any form or by any means unless properly referenced or sent a notification letter through www.jri.ir en A Study of Complications in 1120 Cases of Transvaginal Ultrasound - guided Oocyte Pick-up in IVF Centre of Yazd <p>Introduction: To determine the prevalence of oocyte pick up complications in 1120 cycles of IVF . Material and Methods: In this prospective study 1120 pationts that were reffered to infertility clinics for IVF were enrolled. The patients with the infertility following CO4 by regimens of CC+ hMG/hCG, hMG/hCG, hMG+ GnRH-a/hCG were punctured by transvaginal sonography, preformed after injection of sedatives. The follicular aspiration was performed only by vaginal preparation with sterile distilled water.The patients were discharged in an hour. Results: Vaginal bleeding was observed in 190 cases (17%), who were not severe and treated with vaginal pack and discharged after 2 hours after exit the vaginal pack.15 patients (1.3%) with severe abdominal pain were hospitalized for 24 hours, one with hypovolemic signs was operated by laparoscopy and ruptured ovary was cauterized. 3 cases (0.35%) with fever, chills and abdominal pain managed with diagnosis of PID. one patient with history of 2 previous laparatomy before IVF cycle, didn&#39;t respond to medical treatment and after further investigation pararectal abscess diagnosed which was managed surgically. Conclusion: Considering the number of patients, transvaginal follicular puncture is a safe procedure in oocyte retrieval In patients with history of PID, previous surgery and endometrioma prophylactic antibiotic was given at the time of oocyte puncture. Key words: Pelvic Infection, Follicular aspiration, Complications, Induction ovulation.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/1 Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Caused by Bulimia Nervosa? <p>Introduction: Ninety four females who attended at the ultrasound department of Royal Hospital for Women underwent a transabdominal ultrasound to detect polycystic ovaries (PCO). Material and methods: Thirty-seven individuals had scan normal ovaries and 38 had scan evidence of polycystic ovary (PCO). All the subjects were sent a bulimia investigation test (Edinburgh) (BITE) questionnaire for abnormal eating behavior. Results: A total of 76 responses was received (81 %). Overall, most of women with PCO had abnormal BITE score and their mean BITE score showed a significant increase compared to those with normal ovaries. BITE score was significantly correlated with age.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/20 An Assessment of Sonohysterography as a Diagnostic Tool for Uterine Cavity Defects and Tubal Patency <p>Introduction: In a prospective blind study, we evaluated sonohysterography (SHG) as a diagnostic tool for uterine cavity and tubal patency and compare SHG with laparoscopy in tubal patency and hysterosalpyngography for Uterine anomaly as gold standard methods. Material and Methods: 76 infertile patients undergone SHG and HSG and laparoscopy and comparison between the different diagnostic techniques for the evaluation of the uterine cavity and tubes was carried out. Results: In comparison between SHG and HSG in the evaluation of uterine cavity, the sensivity of SHG for uterine anomalies was 50% and its specificity was 86.95%. In comparison between SHG and laparoscopy in evaluating tubal patency, specificity of SHG was 81.29% and its sensivity was 28.57% Conclusion: Sonohysterography can be considered as a reliable and accurate method in the first line of evaluation of uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertile patients before HSG, Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and the all of patients with history of failed IVF.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/21 Does Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Overcome the Reduce of Fertilization Rate by Increasing Maternal Age? <p>Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal age in fertilization rate of intracytoplasmic sperm injection comparison with IVF. Material and Methods: In this prospective clinical trial study, 200 couples with male subinfertility that referred to infertility clinic were enrolled. Couples were selected on the basis of semen parameters and divided randomly into two groups of IVF and ICSI. Couples were divided into different subgroups based on age of females The fertilization rate of every subgroups were assessed and compared together. Results were analyzed by Chi-square method. Results: After induction ovulation with standard protocols, 525 oocytes were retrieved during egg collection in ICSI groups versus 474 in IVF. After selection of good quality oocytes, IVF and ICSI was done as routine The fertilization rate of every age group was measured and compared with age increased. In IVF group, the fertilization rate was 41.3% in patients &lt;35 years versus 26.7% in older than 35 years old The mean fertilization rate was 89.3% in patients &lt;35 comparison with 75.2% in women &gt;35 years old by ICSI On the other hand the mean cleavage rate of IVF cycles was significantly lower in patients &gt;35 years in IVF (49.5%) versus younger patients (P value&lt;0.001) but this finding was not observed by ICSI (85.17% VS 85.15%).Reduction of fertilization rate with increase of female age was statistically meaningful (Pvalue &lt;0.001) in IVF and ICSI. Conclusion: These findings suggest that fertilization of oocyte reduce consequently with maternal age increased. therefore, ICSI can not overcome this problem their cause is not clear and may refer to chromosomal or structural abnormality in oocytes.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/22 Functional Investigation of Granulated Lymphocytes in Human Decidua <p>Introduction: Introduction: Leucocytes accounted for 26-36% of the stromal cells in decidua of the first trimester of gestation in which 75% of them is related to endometrial granulated lymphocytes (eGL) with an unusual natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype. Different roles are proposed for eGL, but fundamental role of these cells in control for normrly underestood. Material and Methods: In this study immunosuppressive activity of supernatants prepared from ten sample of normal first trimester decidua which cultured into cell suspension and corresponding purified eGL were investigated using. PHA-induced lymphoproliferation assay. Results: The results showed that although supernatants from purified 24 hours eGL at 50% concentration tended to show increased immunosuppressive activity compared with the corresponding unfractionated cell suspension supernatants, the results did not reach significance.. Conclusion: It seems eGL can mediate immunosuppression activeity in human uterus, but whether this activity is crucial for survival of feto-placental unit real pregnancy is not cleare. more investigation in pathological pregnancy.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/23 Diagnosis Methods of Clamydia Trachomatis <p>Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection, with an estimated annual worldwide incidence of 50 million cases. A large Proportion of those infected, particularly women, are asymptomatic, and these individuals serve as a major reservoir of infection. Women are also at risk for serious reproductive tract complications with significant morbidity. In an effort to prevent spread of these infections, increased attention is being paid to early diagnosis and treatment. The introduction of sensitive and highly specific nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of C. trachomatis has made the use of noninvasive testing feasible in women. Recent studies have found that nucleic acid amplification tests are sufficiently sensitive to detect C. trachomatis in first-void urine in women. Sensitivities have exceeded 95% in most studies when compared to detection with non culture tests of endocervical specimens as a standard, while at the same time preserving high specificities</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/24 Genetics of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors <p>Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most solid tumor in 20-40 years old man. TGCT account for 95% of testicular tumors and represent a unique type of human cancer from several different perspectives. TGCT arise by transformation of germ cells. The Transformed germ cells exhibit ploripotentially to differentiate into embryonic. Extra-embryonic, and somatic tissue types, and are highly sensitive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Investigation into the genetics of TGCT can provide methods of molecular diagnosis and help to the understanding of molecular basis of transformation, differentiation and sensitivity/resistance . The molecular basis for the chemosensitivity of these tumors is poorly understood, although initial stadies suggest that wild-type p53 might play a central role, further studies will provide insights into why other other solid tumors remain far from curable. The following review will provide information about genetic altration and chromosomal aberration occur in TGCT. These studies have identified multiplication of 12p, manifested in 1 (12p) or tandem duplication of 12p, As a unique change in TGCT which serves as a diagnostic marker. These data also indicate that multiple genetic events play a role in distinct pathways in the development of TGCT, and further elucidation of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms is central to unraveling biology and improving treatment of TGCT.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/25 Religious Status of Using Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Human Reproduction <p>Introduction: To draw a general picture of the current Iranian-law and Shiah Fiqh position as to the Assisted Reproduction: -whether allowed or not, - and, to show how and what changes could occur in this field. Materials and Methods: Examination of the Iranian legislation and judicial decisions, consideration of jurisprudential verdicts of the eminent Shiah jurists and interpretation of the original sources of Shiah-Islamic law: Quran and Tradition of the Prophet of Islam and Twelve Shiah Imams, by the method of ljtehad. Results: 1- Lack of clear and comprehensive legislation and guiding judicial decisions: no obvious enactment exists to determine whether or not the ART specialists and Medical centres are allowed to apply these techniques where sperm, egg and fertilized egg donation are concerned, 2- existence of different opinions between the authoritative religious jurists in permitting the use of these techniques, and 3- emergence of extensive divergence between the jurisprudential scholars in interpreting the original sources of the jurisprudence (Fiqh) which would naturally affect the legislative authority and the courts when dealing with the case. Conclusion: These results show that the position of the Iranian law is currently complicated, at least, where the case of sperm, egg and embryo donation is concerned and it is feared that the courts might decide differently if a case of such kind arise before them. This suggests that the Iranian authorities should interfere in this area of the law to provide a new legislation. Examination of the verdicts published by the current eminent Shiah jurists show that some cases, such as egg and fertilized egg donation, could be allowed religiously, although the sperm donation is somewhat complicated. However, it is suggested that the authorized authorities are to consider legal problems and social reflections arising out of using donated sperm, egg and fertilized egg when allowing these techniques.</p> https://www.jri.ir/article/26