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23926544
How Should We Deal with the Barrage of New Infertility Treatments and Innovative Technologies?
181
183
https://www.jri.ir/article/576
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/576.pdf
Mohammad RezaSadeghiEditor-in-chief, Tehran, Iran محمدرضاصادقی77
en
23926545
Lineage and the Rights of Cloned Child in the Islamic Jurisprudence
Lineage in the Islamic law is one of the most basic human rights each individual inherits from his family. When modern assisted reproductive technologies appeared in recent decades, the issue of lineage and the child’s rights did not encounter serious challenges. But with the advent of these technologies, the issue of the child’s lineage resulting from new technologies has become the center of attention. These technologies have a large share in the field of medicine. A new technique known as cloning has entered the realm of science and technology. Considering the possibility of the widespread use of this technique, the subject of cloned child’s lineage and his/her rights would be one of the major issues related to this subject. In this paper, the authors have examined the various aspects of the subject and the opinions of theologians in this regard in order to present a best solution to this issue.
In fact, the fundamental concern in this paper is to figure out the relationship between the cloned child, the cell donor, the egg donor and the owner of the uterus. In this paper, after considering the concepts of the parentage and identical twins’ relationship would be explored and then a detailed analysis of the parental relationship and the Shiite jurisprudence scholars' opinion on these issues would be presented. Finally, the rights of cloned children would be taken into consideration.
Human Reproductive Cloning, Identical twins, Lineage, Parent-child relationship, Relationship, Rights
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https://www.jri.ir/article/500
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/500.pdf
MohaddesehMoeinifarDepartment of Theology, Faculty of Theology, MazahebUniversity, Tehran, IranMohaddesehMoeinifarMoeinifar@isuw.ac.ir1043
FaezehAzimzadeh ArdebeliDepartment of Family Law, Faculty of Law, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, IranFaezehAzimzadeh Ardebeli1046
en
23926546
Uterine Artery Interruption: Evidence for Follicular Growth and Histochemical and Biochemical Changes
Background: The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL) on the ovarian follicular fate, and alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, lipase and serum levels of F9SH, LH, prolactin, estrogen and progesterone.
Methods: Twenty-four mature female rabbits divided into two test and control-sham groups. The animals underwent ovariohystrectomy on days 23, 43 and 63 after BUAL. Later serum and tissue samples were processed for histological and biochemical analyses. Two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analyses and p<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The ovaries from the case groups exhibited markedly increased atretic follicles, which were characterized by early antrum formation, ooplasmic vacoulation, granulosa cells dissociation and oocyte deformation. Lipid foci were remarkably present in the cytoplasm of oocytes, granulosa and theca cells in BUAL rabbits. Smaller sized atretic follicles showed higher lipid reactions than large ones. The PAS reaction was highly positive in zona pellucida (ZP), basement membrane, granulosa cells and follicular fluid of atretic follicles. Early atresiated follicles showed remarkable reaction sites for lipase. Significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of FSH, LH, progesterone, and prolactin was revealed in BUAL rabbits compared to the control group while serum levels of estrogen decreased time-dependently in the test groups.
Conclusion: The current study suggests the critical role of the uterine artery in controlling ovulation and follicular growth. Moreover atresia processes might relate to lipid accumulation in the cells along with attenuation of lipase activity.
Atresia, Follicle, Gonadal hormones, Ligation, Uterine artery
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204
https://www.jri.ir/article/510
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/510.pdf
KavehAkhtariDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, IranKavehAkhtari1066
MazdakRaziDepartment of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranMazdakRazi1067
HassanMalekinejadDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHassanMalekinejad1068
en
23926547
Current Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection, A Major Cause of Infertility
Background: In India, the impact of current Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in reproductive health remains a neglected area of investigation. The present study evaluates if current Chlamydia infection is associated with any clinical complication that needs the attention of clinical investigators.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 896 women attending the Gynecology Out Patient for the detection of C. trachomatis infection. Polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose current C. trachomatis infection and ELISA for past infections. Bacterial vaginosis, Candida and Trichomonas were screened. The results of symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared. The data was analyzed using Epi Info version 6 and "Z" test. A probability value of p≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant association between current C. trachomatis infection with infertility when comparing infected fertile (18.6% vs. 9.4%, odds ratio: 2.19, p<0.0005) and uninfected infertile women (45.6% vs. 27.3%, odds ratio: 2.24, p<0.0001). Average infection rate was 12.1%, highest in women with infertility (18.6%) or with ectopic pregnancy (25%). Significant proportions of infected women with infertility (p<0.01) or with recent pregnancy (p<0.001) were asymptomatic. Follow up of infected women who became negative after treatment [28 women from infertility group and 9 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA)] revealed live birth in 8 (21.6%) women within one year, 4 with infertility and 4 with RSA.
Conclusion: Study findings suggests, association between current C. trachomatis infection and infertility. Absence of signs and symptoms associated with this infection highlights its diagnosis in women with a history of infertility and RSA for their better management, as revealed by live births with one year of follow up.
Asymptomatic, Chlamydia infections, Current, Infertility
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https://www.jri.ir/article/509
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/509.pdf
JayantiMania-PramanikDepartment of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, IndiaJayantiMania-Pramanikjayantimania@rediffmail.com1069
ShilpaKerkarDepartment of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, IndiaShilpaKerkar1070
ShobhaSonawaneDepartment of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, IndiaShobhaSonawane1071
PratibhaMehtaDepartment of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, IndiaPratibhaMehta1094
VinitaSalviSeven Hills Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaVinitaSalvi1072
en
23926548
Effects of Post-coital Administration of Alkaloids from Senna alata (Linn. Roxb) Leaves on some Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Pregnant Rats
Background: The abortifacient claim of Senna alata (S. alata) was scientifically validated recently with alkaloids speculated to be the bioactive agent. This speculation is yet to be substantiated or refuted by scientific evidence. The present study was aimed to investigate the pregnancy terminating effects of the alkaloids from S. alata leaves.
Methods: Twenty four Pregnant rats (143.99±1.21 g) allocated randomly to four groups: A, B, C and D respectively received, 0.5 ml of distilled water, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the S. alata extracted alkaloids orally, once daily from day 10 until day 18 post-coitum. The indices of abortifacient were evaluated at the end of the exposure period. The results were analyzed by both the analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Thin-layer chromatographic separation produced five spots with Rf values of 0.28, 0.33, 0.39, 0.47 and 0.55 which gave positive reaction with Meyer’s and Wagner’s reagents, respectively. The number of implantation sites and corpora lutea, as well as the concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone, weight of uterus, uterine/ body weight ratio, glucose and cholesterol decreased significantly (p<0.05) whereas the resorption index, pre- and post-implantation losses, uterine protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly. None of the alkaloid treated animals presented with provoked vaginal opening or bleeding except fetal deaths. The alkaloid decreased the maternal weight gain, as well as feed and water intake.
Conclusion: Overall, the alkaloids from S. alata leaves exhibited anti-implantation, anti-gonadotropic, anti-progesteronic, embryonic resorptive, feto-maternal toxic activities but not complete abortifacient. The alkaloids alone may not be the sole abortifacient bioactive agent in the leaf extract.
Abortifacient, Alkaloid, Estrogenicity, Fetotoxicity, Leguminosae, Resorption, Selectivity, Senna alata
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https://www.jri.ir/article/512
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/512.pdf
Musa ToyinYakubuDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaMusa ToyinYakubutomuyak@yahoo.com1076
Isa FakaiMusaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaIsa FakaiMusa1077
en
23926549
Experimental Testicular Torsion in a Rat Model: Effects of Treatment with Pausinystalia macroceras on Testis Functions
Background: Testicular torsion is a medical emergency with catastrophic sequelae that deserves the same treatment considerations and concerted efforts in research as any other complicated medical condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pausinystalia macroceras (PM) bark extract on sperm quality and serum testosterone levels in testicular torsion in a rat model.
Methods: Sixty-five (65) mature male Wistar rats apportioned randomly into four experimental groups of A to C; were further divided into four subgroups according to duration of torsion. Group D were the normal regular rats. Each group/subgroup comprised five rats. Testis maintained in the torted position (T) for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hr in Group A (subgroups: AT1+PM, AT2+PM, AT3+PM, and AT4+PM). Group B (sub-groups: B1+PM, B2+PM, B3+PM, B4+PM) were shamoperated animals, which did not undergo torsion and served as the sham control group. Group C subgroups: CT1, CT2, CT3 and CT4 were torted as in A. All animals (except groups C and D) were treated by PM extract (0.1 g/kg b.w. per day) for 56 days. Group D rats were fed distilled water. Serum testosterone concentrations and sperm quality (motility and count) were measured. Analyses of variance with Scheffe’s post-hoc test were carried out on the data.
Results: PM extract had a positive effect (significant; p<0.5) on the sperm count and motility in rats with testicular torsion compared to those not receiving the extract. There was also an increase in serum testosterone levels in the former groups.
Conclusion: Treatment of rats following testicular torsion result to the enhancement of sperm production in comparison with untreated rats.
Pausinystalia macroceras, Rat, Sperm quality, Torsion-detortion
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https://www.jri.ir/article/513
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/513.pdf
Afamefuna DonatusIkebuasoDepartment of Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaAfamefuna DonatusIkebuaso1091
Oshiozokhai EboetseYamaDepartment of Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaOshiozokhai EboetseYamadro_yama@yahoo.com1090
FIODuruDepartment of Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaFIODuru1092
SAOyebadejoDepartment of Anatomy College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaSAOyebadejo1093
en
23926550
Effect of Pre-ovulatory Single Dose GnRH Agonist Therapy on IVF Outcome in GnRH Antagonist Cycles; A Prospective Study
Background: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the role of pre-ovulatory GnRH agonist therapy on IVF outcomes in GnRH antagonist cycles.
Methods: In this prospective study we recruited 100 infertile women undergoing IVF cycles with GnRH antagonists. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group A (the study group, n=42) were assigned for receiving hCG+triptorelin for the final oocyte maturation and group B (the control group, n=58) were assigned for only hCG. The t-test, chi-square (2), and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. A p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The results are presented by mean SD, and in percents (%).
Results: LH levels significantly (p<0.001) increased in the study group on the day of oocyte retrieval. All embryological parameters including the number of mature oocytes, fertilization and cleavage rates, number of high quality embryos and number of cases whose embryos were frozen were non-significantly higher in the study group. There were small but non-significant improvements in the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, live birth and implantation rates in the study group.
Conclusion: Administering a single dose of GnRH agonist before oocyte retrieval in antagonist cycles may be helpful in improving the pregnancy rate but the results need to be verified in a larger trials.
Antagonist, GnRH, IVF, Ovulation, Pregnancy outcome, Trigger
225
232
https://www.jri.ir/article/514
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/514.pdf
HarpreetKaurConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, IndiaHarpreetKaurdrharpreet_sidhu@hotmail.com1078
DeepikaKrishnaConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, IndiaDeepikaKrishna1079
NiveditaShettyConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, India1080
SandhyaKrishnanConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, IndiaSandhyaKrishnan1081
M.SSrinivasConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, India1082
KaminiA. RaoConsultant Reproductive Medicine, Bangalore Assisted Conception Centre, Bangalore, IndiaKaminiA. Rao1083
en
23926551
The Effect of Chronic Administration of Methylphenidate on Morphometric Parameters of Testes and Fertility in Male Mice
<p>Background: Due to common use of methylphenidate (MPH) for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the role of the reproductive system in the production of gametes, studying the effects of this medication on the morphometry of testes, serum testosterone concentration, leydig cells function, and fertility rate was the aim of this study. Methods: Twenty seven male mice (Balb/C), eight weeks old, were randomly divided into one control and two treated groups. After weighing the mice, the treated groups received MPH (produced in Novartis company) at the doses of 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 40 days. The control group received only normal saline. Subsequently, after weighing the animals, the weights of testes, dimensions of the testis, and the serum testosterone concentration were measured in six mice belonging to each group. After tissue processing, the samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, then the leydig cells were counted. In order to assess male fertility in each group, 3 male mice were chosen and each of them was kept with three female mice in a separate cage. After 10 days, the fertility rates of the male mice were determined by counting the number of embryos in uterus and the corpora lutea in their ovaries. Results: The results of this study revealed that prescription of different doses of MPH can cause a significant decrease of the body weight. It reduces the number of leydig cells, too (p<0.01). Moreover, serum testosterone concentration (67.72±8.24 ng/ml in control group and 0.302±0.416 ng/ml after treatment with 2 mg/kg/day MPH) and fertility rate (95.42%±4.68% in control group and 64.96%±18.51% after treatment with 2 mg/kg/day MPH) of the male mice declined significantly in the treated groups compared with the control group (p<0.01), but it did not cause any changes in the weight or morphometric parameters of testes. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that MPH can negatively affect serum testosterone concentration and fertility rate of the male mice by decreasing the number of leydig cells and reducing the body weight.</p>
Methylphenidate, Mice, Testis, Testosterone
232
237
https://www.jri.ir/article/497
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/497.pdf
SiminFazelipourDepartment of Anatomy, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSiminFazelipour1031
MahsaHadipour JahromyDepartment of Pharmacology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMahsaHadipour Jahromy1032
ZahraTootianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IranZahraTootian1033
Seyed BabakKiaeiGeneral Practitioner, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSeyed BabakKiaei1034
Mohammad TaghiSheibaniDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IranMohammad TaghiSheibani1035
NaeimahTalaeeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNaeimahTalaee1036
en
23926552
Reasons for Elective Cesarean Section amongst Pregnant Women; A Qualitative Study
<p>Background: A qualitative study was carried out on 200 pregnant women attending obstetric offices and Imam Ali Women's Clinic in Zahedan, Iran during January 2010 to August 2011. Twenty-nine focus group discussions (FGDs) with 5-8 participants in each group were formed. The study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to undergo elective cesarean section. The women's views were explored and analyzed in group sessions. Subsequently, the responses were divided into four major categories. The majority (50%) of the opinions expressed were psychological in origin, or stemmed from low perceived behavioral control, improper subjective norms, or wrong attitudes about vaginal delivery. Methods: Twenty-nine focus group discussions (FGDs) with 5-8 participants in each group were formed. The study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to undergo elective cesarean section. The women's views were explored and analyzed in group sessions. Results: The responses were divided into four major categories. The majority (50%) of the opinions expressed were psychological in origin, or stemmed from low perceived behavioral control, improper subjective norms, or wrong attitudes about vaginal delivery. Conclusion: It is necessary to hold psychological skills training classes for pregnant women and their husbands to persuade them attend group discussion sessions to increase their control on perceived behavior, highlight their positive attitudes and direct them toward natural vaginal delivery.</p>
Cesarean section, Elective, Pregnancy
237
241
https://www.jri.ir/article/503
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/503.pdf
FaribaShahraki SanaviStudent Scientific Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranFaribaShahraki Sanavi1044
FatemehRakhshaniHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iranفاطمهرخشاني193
AlirezaAnsari MoghaddamHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iranعليرضاانصاري مقدمansarialireza@yahoo.com238
MahinEdalatianDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Social Security Hospital, Zahedan, IranMahinEdalatian1045
en
Correlation of Sperm Associated Antigen 11 (SPAG11) and its Isoforms with Varicocele in Rats
<p>Background: We undertook this study to investigate the variation relationship of sperm associated antigen 11 (Spag11) mRNA expression and SPAG11E protein in the epididymis and spermatozoa of experimental left varicocele (ELV) rats. These findings could contribute to the understanding of the role of epididymal proteins in sperm functions and the mechanism of male infertility induced by varicocele.<br />
Methods: The ELV model was established in adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four weeks after the operation, tissue distribution and changes in the expressions of Spag11 mRNA and SPAG11E protein caused by ELV in the whole of left epididymis and spermatozoa were studied using quantitative reverse transcription-polymer-ase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Significant differences were identified using one-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. Significance level (p) was fixed at 0.05.<br />
Results: The expected product of Spag11 was 96 bp that amplified by RT-QPCR was detected in the epididymal tissue and spermatozoa. SPAG11E protein was confined mainly to the supranuclear region of the principal cells and the stereocilium of the epididymal epithelium, it was concentrated on the acrosome and the tail of spermatozoa except the terminal piece. Statistical analyses of the images and the data indicated that Spag11 mRNA and SPAG11E protein expressions in the left epididymis and spermatozoa of ELV rats presented a considerable decrease (p<0.001) compared with that of the corresponding control group.<br />
Conclusion: The expressions of Spag11 mRNA and SPAG11E protein declined markedly in ELV rats, which suggest that SPAG11E may not only play an important role in sperm maturation, but it may also be influenced by varicocele.</p>
Epididymis, Rat, Sperm associated antigen 11 protein, Spermatozoa, Varicocele
241
248
https://www.jri.ir/article/630
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/630.pdf
HongTianResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaHongTian1084
Yong-WeiHuoResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaYong-WeiHuo1085
Jin-SongZhouResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaJin-SongZhou1086
Li-RongWangResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaLi-RongWang1087
Qiu-YangZhangResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaQiu-YangZhang1088
Shu-DongQiuResearch Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShu-DongQiuqiusdxa@mail.xjtu.edu.cn1089