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1726-7536
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gregorian
2015
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26913229
Unmet Needs of Adolescent and Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in Iran
121
123
https://www.jri.ir/article/653
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/653.pdf
FaridehKhalajabadi-FarahaniDepartment of Population, Health and Family Planning, National Institute for Population Research, Tehran, Iranfaridehfarahani2@gmail.com1388
en
26913230
Impact of Inflammation on Male Reproductive Tract
<p>Fertility in the male is dependent on the proper production of sperm cells. This process, called spermatogenesis is very complex and involves the synchronization of numerous factors. The presence of pro–inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF–α), interleukin–1 alpha (IL–1 α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL–1 β) cytokines in the male reproductive tract (testis, epididymis and sperm) may have certain physiological functions. However, when the levels of these cytokines are higher than normal, as seen in conditions of inflammation, they become very harmful to sperm production. Moreover, inflammation is also associated with oxidative stress and the latter is well known to impair sperm function. Epidemiological studies regarding male infertility have revealed that more and more infertile men suffer from acute or chronic inflammation of the genitourinary tract, which often occurs without any symptoms. The inflammatory reactions within the male genital tract are inevitably connected with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, especially in sperm, is harmful because it damages sperm DNA and causes apoptosis in sperm. This article reviewed the suggested mechanisms and contribution of inflammation to male infertility. In addition, the review was further strengthened by discussing how inflammation affects both fertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).</p>
Cytokines, Fertility, Infertility, Inflammation, Spermatogenesis
123
130
https://www.jri.ir/article/631
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/631.pdf
AlfredAzenaborDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria1436
AyodeleEkunDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria1437
OluyemiAkinloyeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeriaoakinloye@unilag.ng.edu, oluyemiakinloye@hotmail.com1438
en
26913231
Embryo Donation in Iranian Legal System: A Critical Review
<p>Recent developments and newly-discovered methods for infertility treatment including <em>in vitro</em> fertilization and third party reproduction raise many questions and challenges with different ethical, legal, sociological and psychological dimensions. In Islamic countries, despite great developments in using this technology, the questions concerned with recognition of IVF methods and third party reproduction and legalization of this method are still the challenging ones. The approach of a few Shiite clerics to this issue has facilitated the legalisation of infertility treatment in Iran. The Iranian Parliament, with reference to Shiite clerics’ opinions (Fatwa), enacted the Act concerning Embryo Donation to Infertile Couples and its bylaw which can be considered as a successful example of legalization of third party reproduction in an Islamic country. The aforementioned Act permits embryo donation through artificial insemination from legally married couples to infertile couples. However, many of the legal aspects of this event are not specified in this Act and in many cases it added several uncertainties. This uncertainty, especially regarding the rights and duties of recipients and the child, causes important problems which generate more concerns. This article aimed to review the advantages and flaws of the Act. It is believed that the enactment of the aforementioned Act is an important step but an insufficient measure in this field. Important issues have been left unanswered and unclear in this Act which should be considered by legislators in any future revision of it.</p>
Embryo donation, Infertility treatment, Islamic law, legislation, Third party reproduction
130
138
https://www.jri.ir/article/622
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/622.pdf
ZohrehBehjati ArdakaniReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran20
Mohammad TaghiKaroubiDepartment of law, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran877
Ali RezaMilanifarReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran23
RoudabehMasrouriReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1470
Mohammad MehdiAkhondiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iranمحمدمهدیآخوندیakhondi@avicenna.ac.ir21
en
26913232
Ultrastructural and Morphalogical Changes of Mouse Ovarian Tissues Following Direct Cover Vitrification with Different Cryoprotectants
<p>Background: Cryopreservation of mammalian ovaries has been reported with different levels of success. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for treatment of infertility and many attempts have been done to improve the efficiency of ovarian cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to compare the direct cover vitrification (DCV) with ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and EG plus DMSO.<br />
Methods: Eighty five mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their ovaries were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture, 10% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture and a group with ascending concentrations of cryoprotectants. After toxicity testing and vitrification warming, the ovaries were fixed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, the viability of mechanically isolated follicles was studied by trypan blue staining. All data were compared by ANOVA (p<0.05).<br />
Results: Ovarian tissues frozen in EG plus DMSO in ascending concentrations retained a higher percentage of morphologically normal and or viable follicles than tissues frozen in 10 <em>M</em> EG plus DMSO or in either concentration of EG and DMSO alone (p<0.001). Ultrastructural analysis of ovarian tissues frozen in ascending concentrations of EG plus DMSO showed that these follicles were well preserved and it was very similar to the control group.<br />
Conclusion: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in EG plus DMSO is the most effective method for preserving the structural integrity of follicles within the ovary.</p>
Cryopreservation, Direct cover vitrification, Ovarian tissue
138
148
https://www.jri.ir/article/619
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/619.pdf
MaryamGhavamiDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran1391
DaryoushMohammadnejadDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran1392
RahimBeheshtiDepartment of Veterinary, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran1393
JafarSolmani-radDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran1394
AliAbedelahiDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iranabedelahia@yahoo.com1395
en
26913233
ART Outcomes in GnRH Antagonist Protocol (Flexible) and Long GnRH Agonist Protocol during Early Follicular Phase in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
<p>Background: Since increased LH in the early follicular phase in PCOS patients especially in GnRH antagonist protocol could be associated with reduced oocyte quality and pregnancy and impared implantation. The current study was conducted to determine ART outcomes in GnRH antagonist protocol (flexible) and long GnRH agonist protocol and compare them with adding GnRH antagonist in GnRH antagonist (flexible) protocol during early follicular phase in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI.<br />
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 150 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI were enrolled from 2012 to 2014 and randomly assigned to receive either GnRH antagonist protocol during early and late follicular phase or GnRH antagonist protocol (flexible) or long GnRH agonist protocol. The clinical and laboratory pregnancy in three groups was determined and compared. In this context, the chi-square and Fisher's exact test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.<br />
Results: There was no statistically significant difference with respect to chemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy between the three groups. Also, other indices such as number and quality of oocytes and embryos were alike.<br />
Conclusion: Totally, according to our results, GnRH antagonist protocol during early and late follicular phase and GnRH antagonist protocol (flexible) and long GnRH agonist protocol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI are similarly effective and use of each one based on patients’ condition and physicians’ opinion could be considered.</p>
ART, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, Infertility, PCOS
148
155
https://www.jri.ir/article/645
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/645.pdf
SaraMokhtarReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1406
Mohammad RezaSadeghiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran محمدرضاصادقی77
Mohammad MehdiAkhondiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iranمحمدمهدیآخوندی21
SiminZafardoustReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1405
BitaBadehnooshReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1407
FarnazFatemiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iranفرنازفاطمي814
FattaneNazariReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1482
KooroshKamaliReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran1427
AfsanehMohammadzadehReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iranافسانهمحمدزادهaf85af@yahoo.com684
en
26913234
Progesterone/Estradiol Ratio as a Predictor in the ART Cycles with Premature Progesterone Elevation on the Day of hCG Trigger
<p>Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of Progesterone/ Estradiol (P<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>2</sub>) ratio as a predictive tool for clinical pregnancy in ART cycles with a premature progesterone rise of >1.5<em> ng/ml</em> on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger.<br />
Methods: Retrospective analysis was done on 569 fresh embryo transfer cycles from January 2011 to December 2012 at the infertility unit of a tertiary care hospital. Age, BMI, number of cycles and number of clinical pregnancies have been considered.<br />
Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 42.8% (244/569). The clinical pregnancy rate in the 36 cycles with progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) level >1.5 <em>ng/ml </em>was significantly lower than the 533 cycles with normal p<sub>4</sub> ≤1.5 <em>ng/ml</em> (22.2% <em>vs</em>. 44.2%; p=0.0092). The 36 cycles with progesterone level >1.5 <em>ng/ml</em> were divided into subgroups of P<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>2</sub> >1 (n=20) and P<sub><em>4</em></sub>/E<sub><em>2</em></sub> ≤1 (n=16). The 20 cycles with P<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>2</sub> >1 and P<sub>4</sub> >1.5 <em>ng/ml</em> had a significantly lower pregnancy rate than the cycles with P<sub>4</sub> ≤1.5 <em>ng/ml</em> (15% vs. 42.8%; p=0.0103). The 15 cycles with P<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>2</sub> ≤1 and P<sub>4</sub> >1.5 <em>ng/ml</em> had a similar pregnancy rate as the cycles with P<sub>4</sub> ≤1.5 <em>ng/ml.</em><br />
Conclusion: A premature progesterone elevation in ART cycles is possibly associated with lower clinical pregnancy rates; this adverse impact of elevated progesterone seems to be limited mainly to a subgroup with an elevated P<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>2</sub> ratio >1.</p>
ART, Pregnancy, Premature progesterone elevation
155
162
https://www.jri.ir/article/627
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/627.pdf
MarianoMascarenhasReproductive Medicine Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India1429
MohanKamathReproductive Medicine Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Indiadockamz@gmail.com1430
AchammaChandyReproductive Medicine Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India1431
AleyammaKunjummenReproductive Medicine Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India1432
en
26913235
Cervical Priming by Misoprostol before Diagnostic Dilatation and Curettage: A Randomized Clinical Trial
<p>Background: Difficulty in cervical dilatation is a hard situation during the procedure of diagnostic dilatation and curettage in some cases. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before diagnostic dilatation and curettage.<br />
Methods: In this study 56 women were selected as the candidates for dilatation and curettage. The study was double blind and was performed for two parallel groups. One misoprostol tablet (200<em> μg</em>) was administered in posterior fornix of vagina 2-4 <em>hr </em>before operation in 28 patients whereas in other 28 patients, placebo (VitB6) was used. Then, the two groups were compared according to the patency of the cervix measured by No. 5 Hegar dilators and the duration of dilatation and curettage procedure as well. Chi-square test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing two groups, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.<br />
Results: Before the procedure of dilatation and curettage, the patency of the cervix was measured by passing Hegar dilator number 5 through the cervical canal in fifteen (53.6%) patients in the misoprostol group and 8 patients (28.6%) in the placebo group (p=0.05) which their difference was statistically significant. The effect of misoprostol was not significant in nulliparous women and postmenopausal period either.<br />
Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol is a useful drug for ripening and dilating the cervix. It also facilitates the procedure of dilatation and curettage in premenopausal and multiparous women. Misoprostol was less effective in nulliparous women and in postmenopausal period.</p>
Cervical ripening, Curettage, Dilatation, Misoprostol
162
167
https://www.jri.ir/article/598
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/598.pdf
ShimaMohammadianDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1313
AnahitaTavanaDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA1314
ShahrzadTavanaDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA1315
AidaMohammadianQazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran1316
MasoumehFallahianDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iranمعصومهفلاحيانm_fallahian@yahoo.com122
en
26913236
The Reproductive Behavior of Families with Thalassemic Children in Hormozgan
<p>Background: Thalassemic disorders are the most prevalent monogenic hereditary diseases around the world caused by decreased and altered synthesis or agenesis in one or more globin chains. Families who have a child with thalassemia major face a myriad of significant problems. Hormozgan province ranks second with thalassemic patients in Iran. Therefore, current research is aimed to analyze the reproductive behavior of such families in the southern province of Iran.<br />
Methods: In this descriptive study 190 mothers of patients suffering from thalassemia major were included. The reproductive behavior of mothers was investigated by a questionnaire regarding the number of thalassemic infants born after their first child with thalassemia major.<br />
Results: About 23% of these mothers had more than 1 child with major thalassemia. The findings showed that the reasons for conception among these mothers were to have a healthy child (64.2%) and to have a boy (20%). In about 92.6% of mothers CVS test was not performed.<br />
Conclusion: This study showed that awaring mothers and families regarding the prevention of birth of afflicted infants and provision of accessible diagnostic facilities can reduce the number of children with thalassemia major.</p>
Mothers, Reproductive behavior, Thalassemia
167
171
https://www.jri.ir/article/617
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/617.pdf
AliSafari MoradabadiHealth Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran1382
AzinAlaviHormozgan Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran687
TasnimEqbal EftekhaariCellular and Molecular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran941
SakinehdadipoorHormozgan Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iranmdadipoor@yahoo.com1386
en
26913237
A Rare De Novo Balanced X; 1 Translocation in an Indian Female with Primary Amenorrhea
<p>Background: Translocations involving X chromosome and an autosome are rather rare due to associated infertility in men and subfertility in women. X chromosome translocations are frequently associated with primary or secondary amenorrhea. In this report, a case of primary amenorrhea with a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation was presented between chromosomes X and 1.</p>
<p>Case Presentation: A 24 year-old proposita with the complaint of primary amenorrhea was found to have hypoplastic uterus and streak gonads with a normal hormonal profile. Chromosomal analysis of the proband revealed a de novo translocation of 46, X, t(X; 1) (q21; p32) chromosomal constitution. Parental karyotypes of the proband showed normal karyotype.</p>
<p>Conclusion: The observed translocation between chromosome X and 1 in the patient suggest either the disruption of a critical gene expression due to position effect or deletion of one or more essential genes in the disrupted long arm of the affected X chromosome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from our ethnic group.</p>
Abnormal karyotype, Balanced X autosome translocation, Gonadal dysgenesis, Primary amenorrhea
171
174
https://www.jri.ir/article/610
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/610.pdf
AnanthapurVenkateshwariInstitute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Indiavenkateshwari@yahoo.com1140
AvvariSrilekhaInstitute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India839
KokaVeenaInstitute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India1357
MadireddySujathaInstitute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India1358
AkkaJyothyInstitute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India842
en
26913238
Cervical Cancer Along with Unknown Cirrhosis: A Misdiagnosed Case
<p>Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge are the most common symptoms. Although ascites has been reported in cases with cervical cancer, it is due to other causes such as ovarian metastasis.<br />
Case Presentation: A 78-year-old diabetic woman who presented with ascites and abdominopelvic mass was misdiagnosed with ovarian cancer and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. However, pathology confirmed locally advanced cervical cancer stage IV in this patient. She was discharged from the hospital three weeks after surgery with no serious complications.<br />
Discussion: Considering all signs and symptoms to reach a verdict would reduce such malpractices and consequently lead to select the best management and treatment.</p>
Diabetes mellitus, Liver cirrhosis, Misdiagnosed case, Ovarian neoplasms, Uterine cervical neoplasms
174
178
https://www.jri.ir/article/611
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/611.pdf
SoheilaAminimoghaddamFiroozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciencesy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDr_aminimoghaddam@ yahoo.com1360
FatemehMahmoudzadehMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1361
AndishehMaghsoudniaTarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran1362
en
26913239
Retracted: Correlation of Sperm Associated Antigen 11 (SPAG11) and its Isoforms with Varicocele in Rats
<p>The Editorial Board of the Journal of Reproduction and Infertility (JRI) has recently confirmed that the manuscript titled: "Correlation of Sperm Associated Antigen 11 (SPAG11) and its Isoforms with Varicocele in Rats", written by Hong Tian et al, published in volume 13, issue 4, pp. 241-247 has been published previously in Chinese. Therefore this paper is retracted, considering the fact that it is contrary to the journal’s policy.<br />
We regret the time that peer reviewers and others spent for evaluation of this paper and hope that there will be no repetition of this problems in the future.</p>
178
179
https://www.jri.ir/article/654
https://www.jri.ir/documents/fullpaper/en/654.pdf