<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<XML>
  <JOURNAL>   
    <YEAR>2008</YEAR>
    <VOL>9</VOL>
    <NO>3</NO>
    <MOSALSAL>36</MOSALSAL>
    <PAGE_NO>75</PAGE_NO>  
    <ARTICLES>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>ارتباط پروتئين‌هايGSK3&#223; و &#223;-cateninبا رویدادهای آپوپتوتیک تخمدان طبيعي و تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک القا شده با تستوسترون پروپیونات در رت </TitleF>
    <TitleE>The Relationship between GSK3&#223; and &#223;-catenin Proteins with Apoptotic Events in Normal and Induced Polycystic Ovaries in Rats</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: مسیر سیگنال‌دهی Wnt نقش مهمی در فولیکولوژنز تخمدان جوندگان ایفا می‌کند. ولی نقش آن در رویدادهای آپوپتوتیک تخمدان تاکنون مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. نظر به اهمیت آپوپتوز در هموستاز و عملکرد بیولوژیک تخمدان، در این مطالعه به بررسی دخالت سیگنال‌دهی Wnt/&#223;catenin در توقف رشد فولیکولی و آپوپتوز در مدل PCO موش بزرگ آزمایشگاهی (رت) پرداخته شده است.روش بررسی: القا PCO در رت‌های ماده نابالغ توسط تزریق روزانه تستوسترون پروپیونات (TP) حل شده در روغن کنجد به مدت یک و یا چهار هفته انجام و به گروه کنترل در طی این مدت حلال تزريق شد. آزمایشها در 3 سری مستقل طراحی شدند. در هر سری هشت رت برای هر دوره زمانی (یک و چهار هفته) مورد بررسي قرار گرفت كه به دو گروه چهار تایی تیمارشده و کنترل تقسيم شدند. پس از اتمام دوره تیمار، تخمدانها تثبیت و برش‌های پارافینی پیاپی جهت آنالیز ایمونوهیستوشیمی پروتئین‌هایGSK3&#223; ، &#223;-catenin وpGSK3&#223;Ser9 آماده گردید. بررسي بيان Sfrp4 به عنوان يكي از آنتاگونيست‌هاي مسيرWnt signaling با روش وسترن بلات انجام شد. بررسی آپوپتوز با روش TUNEL و سپس شمارش فولیکول‌های آپوپتوتیک در هر گروه انجام شد. داده‌هاي بررسي كمي آپوپتوز با استفاده از Mann-Whitney U-test مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفت. اختلاف آماري در سطح 05/0p&lt; معني‌داري در نظر گرفته شده و میانه نیز محاسبه و ذکر گردید. نتایج: در بررسی هیستولوژی تخمدان رت‌های تیمار شده فولیکول‌های کیستیک، عدم وجود جسم زرد و تخمک‌گذاری مشاهده گردید. بیانGSK3&#223; در فولیکول‌های آپوپتوتیک گروه PCO و کنترل مشاهده و هم مکانی بین &#223;-catenin هسته‌ای باpGSK3&#223;Ser9 در رت‌های تیمار یک هفته‌ای و گروه کنترل دیده شد. بررسي به روش TUNEL نشانگر افزایش معنی‌دار (001/0p&lt;) ميزان آپوپتوز در تمامی دستجات فولیکول‌های تخمدان رت‌های تیمار دراز مدت (چهار هفته) نسبت به تیمار یک هفته بود. در تیمار دراز مدت باTP ، افزایش آپوپتوز و بیان بالای GSK3&#223; در سلول‌های گرانولوزا همراه با افزايش 1/5 بار بيانSfrp4 در مقایسه با کنترل مشاهده شد که می‌تواند دلیلی برای عدم حضور &#223;-catenin هسته‌ای در این سلولها باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشانگر القا تخمدان پلی کیستیک در رت نابالغ با استفاده از TP است. علاوه بر این افزایش بیان Sfrp4 و GSK3&#223;در تيمار دراز مدت با TP وابسته به افزایش آپوپتوز بوده است. اين نتایج می‌تواند نشانگر مهار مسیر Wnt signaling در رویدادهای آپوپتوتیک تخمدان جوندگان باشد.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in folliculogenesis of rodent ovaries; however, its involvement in ovarian apoptotic events remains undetermined. With respect to the importance of apoptosis in homeostasis and ovarian biological function, this experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of Wnt/&#223;-catenin signaling on follicular growth arrest and apoptosis in polycystic ovary (PCO) models of rats. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed in three independent series and with each set of experiments, 8 rats were allocated to the group, half of them as the controls and the other four as the testosterone propionate (TP)-treated rats for the indicated period of time (1 and 4 weeks). Induction of PCO in immature rats was performed by daily injection of testosterone propionate (TP) dissolved in sesame oil over 1 and 4 weeks in the experimental group but to the control group solvent was injected.  At the end of the experiments, the ovaries were fixed and sequential paraffin slices were prepared for immunohistochemical analyses of GSK3&#223;, &#223;-catenin and pGSK3&#223;ser9 proteins. Assessment of Sfrp4 expression as an antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway was performed by Western blot test. Analysis of apoptosis was done by TUNEL staining, followed by quantification of apoptotic follicles in the different groups. The data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U-test and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: Histological analysis of TP-treated rats showed cystic follicles, absence of corpus luteum and anovulation. GSK3&#223; expression in apoptotic follicles of PCO-induced and control groups was observed. In addition, co-localization of nuclear &#223;-catenin and pGSK3&#223;ser9 in 1-week-treated rats was detected. In long-term TP-treated rats, there was an increase in apoptosis and GSK3&#223; expression and a 5.1 fold increase in Sfrp4 expression in granulosa cells, compared with the control group, which may explain the absence of nuclear &#223;-catenin in these cells.Conclusion: The results show testosterone propionate injections induces PCO in immature rats. Furthermore, the increased expression of Sfrp4 and GSK3&#223;in long-term treatment with TP was associated with apoptosis. These results may reveal Wnt signaling inhibition in apoptotic events of rodent ovaries.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>215</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>229</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Neda</Name>
<MidName>N</MidName>
<Family>Jarooghi</Family>
<NameE>ندا</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>جروقی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Ghamartaj</Name>
<MidName>Gh</MidName>
<Family>Hossein</Family>
<NameE>قمرتاج</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>حسین </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>ghossein@khayam.ut.ac.ir</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Farnaz</Name>
<MidName>F</MidName>
<Family>Jannesari Ladani</Family>
<NameE> فرناز </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>جان نثاری لادانی </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Apoptosis</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>GSK3&#223;</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Polycystic ovary</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sfrp4</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Testosterone</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Wnt signaling</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>&#223;-catenin</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>317.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Miller JR, The Wnts. Genome Biol. 2001;3(1):review.##Kawano K, Kypta R. Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Sci. 2003;116:2627-34.##Bovolenta P, Esteve P, Ruiz JM. Cisneros E, Rios JL, Beyond Wnt inhibition: new functions of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in development and disease. J Cell Sci. 2008;121:737-46.##Uren AU, Reichsman F, Anest V, Taylor WG, Muraiso K, Bottaro DP, et al. Secreted Frizzled-related Protein-1 binds directly to wingless and is a biphasic modulator of Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:4374-82.##Richards SJ, Russel LD, Ochsner S. Novel signaling pathways that control ovarian follicular development, ovulation, luteinization. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2002; 57:195-220.##Hsieh M, Mulders SM, Friis RR, Dharmarajan AM, Richards JS. Expression and localization of secreted frizzled-related protein-4 in rodent ovary. Endocrino-logy. 2003;144:4597-606.##Hsieh M, Johnson MA, Greenberg NM, Richards JS. Regulated expression of Wnts and Frizzleds at specific stages of follicular development in the rodent ovary. Endocrinology. 2002;143:898-908.##Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Franks S. Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome- a hypothesis. J Endocrinol. 2002;174:1-5.##Ehrmann DA. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1223-36.##Wood RJ, Ho C, Nelson-Degrave V, McAlister J, Straus J. The molecular signature of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome theca cells defined by gene profiling. J Reprod Immunol. 2004;63:51-60.##Lacher MD, Siegenthaler A, Ger RJA, Yan XI, Hett S, Xuan L, et al. Role of DDC-4/sFRP-4, a secreted Frizzled-related protein, at the onset of apoptosis in mammary involution. Cell Death Differ. 2003;10:528-38.##Beloosesky R, Gold B, Almog Sasson R, Dantes A, Land-bracha A, Hirsh L, et al. Induction of polycystic ovary by testosterone in immature female rats: Modu-lation of apoptosis and attenuation of glucose/insulin ratio. Int J Mol Med. 2004;14:207-15.##Doble BW, Woodgett JR. GSK-3: tricks of the trade for a multi-tasking kinase. J Cell Sci. 2003;116:1175-86.##Grimes CA, Jope RS. The multifaceted roles of glyco- gen synthase kinase 3? in cellular signaling. Prog Neurobiol. 2001;65:391-426.##Beurel E, Jope RS. The paradoxical pro- and anti-apoptotic actions of GSK3 in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. Prog Neurobiol. 2006; 79:173-89.##Hetman M, Cavanaugh JE, Kimelman D, Xia Z. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3? in neuronal apoptosis induced by trophic withdrawal. J Neurosci. 2000;20: 2567-74.##Linseman DA, Butts BD, Precht TA, Phelps RA, Le SS, Laessig TA, et al. Glycogen synthase kinase-3? phosphorylates Bax and promotes its mitochondrial localization during neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci. 2004;24:9993-10002.##Watcharasit P, Bijur GN, Song L, Zhu J, Chen X, Jope RS. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3? (GSK3?) binds to and promotes the actions of P53. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:48872-9.##Tilly KL, Banerjee S, Banerjee PP, Tilly JL. Expres-sion of the P53 and Wilms’ tumor suppressor genes in the rat ovary: Gonadotropin repression in vivo and immunohistochemical localization of nuclear P53 pro-tein to apoptotic granulosa cells of atretic follicles. Endocrinology. 1995;136:1394-402.##Rentzsch F, Hobmayer B, Holstein TW. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 has a proapoptotic function in Hydra gametogenesis. Dev Biol. 2005;278:1-12.##Zeleznik Anthony J, Saxena D, Little-Ihrig L. Protein kinase B is obligatory for follicle-stimulating hormone-induced granulosa cell differentiation. Endocrinology. 2008;144:3985-94.##Constantinou T, Baumann F, Lacher MD, Saurer S, Friis R, Dharmarajan A. SFRP-4 abrogates Wnt-3a-induced ?-catenin and Akt/PKB signalling and reverses a Wnt-3a-imposed inhibition of in vitro mammary differentiation. J Mol Signaling. 2008;3:1-14.##Tetsuka M, Whitelaw PF, Bremner WJ, Millar MR, Smyth CD, Hillier SG. Developmental regulation of androgen receptor in rat ovary. J Endocrinol. 1995; 145:535-43.##Szoltys M, Slomczynska M. Changes in distribution of androgen receptor during maturation of rat ovarian follicles. Exp. Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000;108:228-34.##Steckler T, Wang J, Bartol FF, Roy SK, Padmanabhan V. Fetal programming: prenatal testosterone treatment causes intrauterine growth retardation, reduces ovarian reserve and increases ovarian follicular recruitment. Endocrinology. 2005;148:3185-93.##Billing H, Furutua I, Hsueh AJW. Estrogenes inhibit and androgens enhance ovarian granulosa cell apopto-sis. Endoctinology. 1993;133:2204-12.##Parakh TN, Hernandez JA, Grammer JC, Weck J, Hunzicker-Dunn M, Zeleznik AJ, et al. Follicle-stimu-lating hormone_cAMP regulation of aromatase gene expression requires ?-catenin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:12435-40.##Polakis P. The oncogenic activation of ?-catenin. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999;9:15-21.##Kim K, Pang KM, Evans M, Hay ED. Overexpression of ?-catenin induces apoptosis independent of its trans-activation function with LEF-1 or the involvement of major G1 cell cycle regulators. Mol Biol Cell. 2000;11: 3509-23.##Olmeda D, Castel S, Vilaro S, Cano A. ?-catenin regulation during the cell cycle: implications in G2/M and apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14:2844-60.##Pon YL, Wong AST. Gonadotropin and its role in the ?-catenin/T-cell factor signaling pathway ExpertRev.Endocrinol Metab. 2007;2:375-85.##Rask KN, Brannstrom M. Wnt signaling pathway in ovarian epithelial tumors: increased expression of ?-catenin and GSK3?. J Cancer. 2003;89:1298-304.##Kawano Y, Kypta R. Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Sci. 2003;116:2627-34.##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>بررسی اثرات آنتي اكسيداني سلنیوم بر پارامترهای اسپرمي و ساختار بيضه موش‌هاي مسن و جوان</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Antioxidant Effects of Selenium on Sperm Parameters and Testicular Structure in Young and Aged Mice</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: سلنیوم ماده‌اي آنتی اکسیدان است که وجود آن برای عملکرد طبیعی بیضه و انجام فرآيند اسپرماتوژنز ضروری می‌باشد. این ماده به عنوان كوفاكتور آنزيم‌هاي آنتي‌اكسيدان منجر به کاهش رادیکال‌های آزاد اکسیژن مي‌شود و لذا انتظار می‌رود که در افزایش باروری مؤثر باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات دوزهای مختلف سلنیوم بر پارامترهای اسپرم و ساختار بیضه موش‌هاي مسن و جوان بود.روش بررسي: در این مطالعه 20 سر موش نر سوری 12-10 ماهه و 20 سر موش نر سوری 3-2 ماهه به طور تصادفی به سه گروه (کنترل، شم، آزمایش) تقسیم شدند. به گروه کنترل هیچ تزریقی انجام نشد. به گروه شم، هم حجم تزریق گروه آزمایش حلال سلنیوم (نرمال سالین) به صورت داخل صفاقی تزریق شد. گروه‌های آزمایش دوز mg/kg2/0 سلنیوم (بر طبق دوزيابي انجام شده) به صورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. تزریقات به مدت 5 هفته، روزانه یک بار انجام شد. سپس بررسی‌های بافت شناسي و آنالیز اسپرم در روزهای 21، 28، 35 و 42 بعد از شروع تزریقات انجام شد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل آماری از نرم افزارSPSS ویرایش 13 و از آزمون آنالیز واریانس ANOVA استفاده شد. 05/0p&lt; به عنوان سطح معنی‌داری در نظر گرفته شد.نتايج: نتایج آنالیز اسپرم نشان داد که به دنبال تجويز سلنیوم پارامترهای اسپرم به‌خصوص مورفولوژی طبیعی و میزان درصد زنده ماندن اسپرمها نسبت به گروه کنترل بهبود یافت (05/0p&lt;). در بررسی مقاطع بافتی بیضه موش‌های گروه کنترل مسن کاهش در تعداد اسپرم مشهود بود. همچنین واکوئل‌هایی در اپیتلیوم لوله منی ساز قابل مشاهده بود.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج آنالیز اسپرم نشان داد که به دنبال تجويز mg/kg 2/0 سلنیوم کیفیت برخي از پارامترهای اسپرم موش‌ افزایش می‌یابد؛ لذا تأثیر سلنیوم وابسته به دوز است و احتمالاً تجویز مقدار مناسب آن در افراد مسن می‌تواند در بهبود عملكرد بيضه و كيفيت اسپرم موثر باشد.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Selenium, as an antioxidant, is essential for normal testicular function and spermatogenesis. It can reduce free oxidative radicals as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes; therefore, it is expected to increase fertility. This experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of selenium on sperm parameters and testicular structure of aged and young mice.Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty 10 to 12-month and twenty 2 to 3-month old male mice were randomly divided into three control, sham and experimental groups. The control group received no injection but the sham and the experimental groups received daily intraperitoneal injectins of selenium solvent (Normal saline) and selenium, 0.2 mg/kg (Based on dose/response data), respectively over 5 weeks. Histological examinations as well as sperm analyses were performed on days 21, 28, 35 and 42 following the initiation of injections.Results: Sperm analyses showed improvements especially in terms of normal morphology and viability rates in the experimental group (P&lt;0.05). Decreased sperm counts were evident in the aged mice at histological examination and some vacuoles were observable in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules.Conclusion: The results indicated that administration of 0.2 mg/kg selenium, improves some sperm parameters in the aged mice; thus, it seems that selenium effects are dose-dependent and appropriate amounts of  the element can probably improve testicular function and sperm quality in the aged subjects.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>229</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>238</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Shabnam</Name>
<MidName>Sh</MidName>
<Family>Mohammadi</Family>
<NameE>شبنم </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>محمدی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Mansoureh</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Movahedin</Family>
<NameE>منصوره</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>موحدین</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>mansoure@modares.ac.ir</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Seyed Javad</Name>
<MidName>SJ</MidName>
<Family>Mowla</Family>
<NameE>سید جواد </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>مولی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Antioxidant</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Histology</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Male infertility</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Oxidative stress</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Selenium</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sperm Parameters</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Testis</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>318.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Homonnai ZT, Fainman N, David MP, Paz GF. Semen quality and sex hormone pattern of 29 middle aged men. J Androl. 1982;14:164-70.##Dondero F, Mazzilli F, Giovenco P, Lenzi A, Cerasaro M. Fertility in older men. J Endocrinol Invest. 1985;8: 87-91.##Centola GM, Eberly S. Seasonal variations and age-related changes in human sperm count, motility, motion parameters, morphology, and white blood cell concentration. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:803-8.##Haidl G, Jung A, Schill WB. Aging and sperm function. Hum Reprod. 1996;11:558-60.##Kidd SA, Eskenazi B, Wyrobex AJ. Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the litera-ture. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:237-48.##Jervis KM, Robaire B. The effects of long-term vitamin E treatment on gene expression and oxidative stress damage in the aging brown Norway rat epididymis. Biol Reprod. 2004;71:1088-95.##Sies H. Strategies of Antioxidant Defense. Eur J Bio-chem. 1993;215:213-9.##Agarwal A, Prabakaran SA, Said TM. Prevention of oxidative stress injury to sperm. J Androl. 2005;26(6) 654-60.##Schwatrz S. Essentiality and metabolic function of Selenium. Med Clin North Am. 1976;60:745-58.##Burk RF, Hill KE, Motley AK. Selenoprotein meta-bolism and function: evidence for more than one function for selenoprotein P. J Nutr. 2003;133:151-78.##Behne D, Weiler H, Kyriakopoulos A. Effects of sele-nium deficiency on testicular morphology and function in rats. J Reprod  Fertil. 1996;106:291-7.##Behne D, Hofer T, Von Berswardt- Wallrabe R, Elger W. Selenium in the testis of the rat: studies on its regu-lation and its importance for the organism. J Nutr. 1982;102:1682-7.##Olson GE, Winfrey VP, Hill KE, Burk RF. Sequential development of flagellar defects in spermatids and epi-didymal spermatozoa of selenium-dificient rats. Repro-duction. 2004;127:335-42.##Liu CH, Chen YM, Zhang JZ, Huang MY, Su Q, Lu ZH, et al. Preliminary studies on influence of selenium deficiency to the developments of genital organs and spermatogenesis of infancy boars. Acta vet Zootech. 1982;13:73-7.##Kaur R, Parshad VR. Effects of dietary selenium on differentiation, morphology and functions of spermato-zoa of the house rat. Rattus rattus, L. Mutation Res. 1994;309:29-35.##Hansen JC, Deguchi Y. Selenium and fertility in animals and man. Acta Vet Scand. 1996;37:19-30.##MacPherson A, Scott R and Yates R. The effect of selenium supplementation in subfertile males. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA8). Anke M, Meissner D, Mills CF (Editors). Media Touristik, Gersdorf. 1993;566-70.##Lenzie A, Picardo M, Gandini L. Glutathione treat-ment of dyspermia: effect on the lipoperoxidation pro-cess. Human reprod. 1994;9:2044-50.##Rezazadeh Valojerdi M. Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Bushra. 1380;27-31.##Kaur R, Kaur K. Effects of dietary selenium on mor-phology of testis and cauda epididymis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000;44(3)265-72.##Arthur JR. New metabolic roles for Selenium. Proc Nutr Soc. 1994;53:615-24.##Brown DG, Burk RF. Selenium retention in tissues and sperm of rats fed a torula yeast diet. J Nutr. 1973; 102:102-8.##Agarwal A, Nallella KP, Allamaneni SR, Said TM. Role of antioxidant in treatment of male infertility: an overview of the literature. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004 8:616-27.##Scott R, MacPherson A, Yates RW, Hussain B, Dixon J. The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. Br J Urol. 1998;82:76-80.##Marin-Guzman J, Mahan DC, Chung YK, Pate JL, Pope WF. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on boar performance and tissue responces, semen quality, and subsequent fertilizationrates in mature gilts. J Anim Sci. 1997;75:2994-3003.##Kaushal N, Bansal MP. Dietary selenium variation-induced oxidative stress modulates CDC2/cyclin B1 expression and apoptosis of germ cells in mice testis. J Nutr Biochem 2007;18(8):553-64##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>ارزيابي نتايج سيكل‌هاي لقاح خارج رحمي در افراد مبتلا به پلي‌زوسپرمي</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Semen Analysis and In Vitro Fertilization Cycle Outcome in Polyzoospermia</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمينه و هدف: طبق دستورالعمل سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHO) پلی‌زوسپرمی به نمونه‌هایی اطلاق می‌شود که دارای بیش از 250 میلیون اسپرم در هر میلی‌لیتر از مایع انزال باشند. برخی از مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که نمونه‌های فوق ممکن است دچار کاهش تحرک و نيز ناباروري باشند؛ لذا هدف از این مطالعه گذشته‌نگر بررسی وضعیت پارامترهای ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی نمونه‌های اسپرم مردان پلي‌زوسپرمي، همچنين نتایج مربوط به سیکل‌های درمانی IVF و ICSI در افراد پلی‌زوسپرمی بود.روش بررسي: 121 نفر از افراد پلي‌زوسپرمي مراجعه كننده به مركز درمان ناباروري يزد در فاصله زماني مهرماه 1382 تا خرداد ماه 1386، در دو گروه مطالعه شدند. گروهI  شامل 94 نفر بود كه پارامترهای ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی مایع انزالی آنها به روشWHO  مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. گروه II شامل 27 نفر پلي‌زوسپرمي بود كه تحت درمانIVF  يا ICSI  قرار داشتند. نتایج مربوط به وضعيت كلينيكي گروهII  شامل پارامترهای اسپرم، وضعيت و تعداد تخمک، میزان باروری و كيفيت جنین تشکیل شده به همراه میزان بارداري مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین پارامترهای اسپرم در هر دو گروه مورد مطالعه مطابق با استانداردهایWHO  مي‌باشد. میانگین حرکت سریع و آهسته پیشرونده در گروه I (94 نفره) به ترتیب 56/1505/ 15% و 45/1567/39 % بود و در گروه II (27 نفره) بترتیب51/ 16&#177;  37/ 16% و 66/35&#177;92/14% بود. از کل 234 اووسيت بدست آمده تعداد 144 تخمك لقاح يافته (5 تخمک به ازای هر نفر) (5/61%) و از تعداد تخمک لقاح یافته 112 جنين (4 جنين به ازای هر نفر) (7/77%) تشكيل شد. و از کل جنین‌های تشکیل شده، 73 مورد (7/2 به ازای هر نفر) (1/65%) به داخل رحم منتقل شدند. از 27 نفر مورد بررسي، 22 نفر با شكست بارداري مواجه (ناموفق) و 5 نفر (5/18%) باردار شدند (موفق). در رابطه با اتيولوژي از تعداد مذكور 5 نفر با  عامل زنانه، 8 نفر با عامل مردانه و 14 نفر با علت ناشناخته گزارش شد. از 5 مورد بارداري رخ داده 3 مورد مورفولوژي زير 30% وجود داشت.نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج این تحقیق افراد با وضعیت پلی‌زوسپرمی دارای ساير پارامترهای اسپرمی در محدوده طبیعی مي‌باشند و به نظر مي‌رسد افزایش بیش از حد غلظت اسپرم (پلی‌زوسپرمی) در ارتباط با کاهش شانس باروري به روش‌هاي IVF و ICSI و نيز کاهش میزان بارداري در سيكل‌هاي ART اثر چنداني نداشته باشد.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, men with sperm counts more than 250  106 / ml are referred to as polyzoospermics. Some studies suggest that these individuals might have reduced sperm motility and infertility. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess macroscopic as well as microscopic parameters of semen samples and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in men with polyzoospermia.Materials and Methods: Participants of this retrospective study were 121 polyzoospermic men referring to Yazd Infertility Center, from September 2003 to June 2007. The macroscopic and microscopic parameters of semen samples were evaluated regarding the WHO guideline in 94 of the cases (Group I). The remaining 27 cases (Group II) with polyzoospermia underwent IVF or ICSI. The data on the clinical conditions of cases in group II, including sperm parameters, quality and number of ova, quality of the developed embryos, fertility and pregnancy rates were collected.Results: Results of semen analyses in the two groups were within normal ranges according to WHO guidelines. The mean values for sperm progressive motility (Rapid and slow) were 15.05%15.56 and 39.67%15.45 in group I and 16.37%16.51 and 14.92%35.66 in group II, respectively. Out of 234 retrieved oocytes, 144 oocytes were fertilized (61.5%) and 112 embryos were developed (77.7%), which from these only 73 embryos  were transferred (65.1%). Out of 27 cases undergoing ICSI, 22 failed to conceive but five succeeded (18.5%). The infertility etiologies were related to female, male and unexplained causes in five, eight and 14 cases respectively. Of the five pregnant cases, three were conceived with sperm morphologies less than 30%.Conclusion: According to the results, men with polyzoospermia have semen parameters within normal ranges. It seems that excessive sperm concentration (Polyzoospermia) has no significant effects on the likelihood of fertilization and pregnancy rates in assisted reproductive technique (ART) cycles.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>238</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>246</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Fatemeh</Name>
<MidName>F</MidName>
<Family>Haji- Maghsoudi</Family>
<NameE>فاطمه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>حاجی مقصودی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Morteza</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Anvari</Family>
<NameE>مرتضی</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>انوری</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Mohammad Ali</Name>
<MidName>MA</MidName>
<Family>Khalili</Family>
<NameE>محمد علی</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>خلیلی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>khalili59@hotmail.com</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Embryo transfer</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; fertilization</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Infertility</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Male fertility</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Oocyte</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Polyzoospermia</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Semen analysis</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sperm</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>319.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Laborayory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction. World Health Organization. 1999; 4th Edition.##Glezerman M, Bernstein D, Zakut C. Polyzoospermia: a definite pathologis entity. Fertil Steril.1982;38:605-8.##Schirren C. Praktische andrologie. Diesbach verlag berlin. 1995;pp:70-2.##Barnea ER, Arronet GH, Weissenberry R, Lunenfeld B. Studies on Polyzoospermia. Int J Fertil. 1980;25:303-6.##Schill WB, Topfer-Petersen E, Heissler E. The sperm acrosome: functional and clinical aspects. Hum Reprod 1988;3:139-45.##Schill WB. Determination of active, non-zymogen acrosin, proacrosin and total acrosin in different andro-logical patients. Arch Dermatol Res. 1990;282:335-42.##Tournaye H, Staessen C, Camus M, Verheyen G, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem A. No evidence for a decrased fertilizing potential after in-vitro fertilization using spermatozoa from polyzoospermic men. Hum Reprod. 1997;12:2138-85.##Amelar RD, Quigley M, Schoenfeld C. Successful management of infertility due to Polyzoospermia. Fertil Steril. 1979;31:521-4.##Edwards RG, Brody SA. Practice of Assisted Human Reproduction. WB Saunders. Philadelphia. 1995;p:373.##Testart J, Lassalle B, Frydman R. A study of factors affecting the success of human fertilization in vitro. Influence of semen quality and oocyte maturity on fertilization and cleavage . Biol Reprod. 1983;28:425-31.##Calamera JC, Brugo S. Computer assisted measure-ment in normal and pathological human semen, fresh and post swim-up technique. Andrologia. 1989;21:340-5.##Dubin L, Amelar RD. Etiologic factors in 1, 294 consecutive cases of male fertility. Fertil Steril. 1971; 22:469-73.##Shoaib Khan M, Ali I, Marjan Khattak A, Ullah A,  Ali Khan M, Javed A. Frequency of Polyzoospermia and Teratozoospermia in infertile men Gomal. J Med Sci. 2006;4(1):10-4.##Nwafia WC, Igweh JC, Udebuani IN. Semen analysis of infertile Igbo males in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2006;21(1-2):67-70.##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>بررسی اثر درمانی هپارین در شکست مکرر لانه‌گزيني در سيكل‌هاي لقاح خارج رحمی: یک کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Therapeutic Effects of Heparin on Repeated Implantation Failures in IVF Cycles;A Randomized Clinical Trial</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: شكست مكرر لانه‌گزيني (RIF) يكي از علل عدم موفقيت سيكل‌هاي لقاح خارج رحمي مي‌باشد. سندرم آنتی‌فسفولیپید تنها سندرم شناخته شده مورد توافقی است که باRIF  ارتباط داشته و هپارین انتخاب درمانی ثابت شده آن است. تاکنون روشن نشده که آیا هپارین ممکن است در زنانی که آنتی‌بادی‌های دیگر (غیر از آنتی‌فسفولیپید) یا سایر علل شكست درمان را دارند اثرات مثبت داشته باشد یا خير؟. با توجه به اینکه لقاح خارج رحمي اغلب بهترین درمان برای زوج‌های مبتلا به ناباروری چند عاملی و یکی از گزینه‌های درمانی معقول برای زنان مبتلا به کاهش باروری یا ناباروري با علت نامشخص است، درمان شکست مکرر در لانه‌گزینی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است؛ لذا اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي اثر هپارين در بيماران دچار شكست مكرر در لانه‌گزيني انجام شد.روش بررسی: در این كارآزمايي باليني تصادفي جامعه مورد مطالعه، بیماران مراجعه‌کننده به بخش درمان ناباروري بیمارستان دکتر شریعتی تهران طي دوره 86-1385 بود كه داراي دو یا بیشتر تجربه  IVFناموفق بودند. پس از اخذ تأییدیه کمیته اخلاق 60 زن به طور تصادفي، بدون توجه به خصوصیات بالینی به صورت یک در میان، در دو گروه (تحت درمان با هپارین و عدم درمان) قرار گرفتند. عامل مردانه، اختلالات آناتومیک، عفونی، بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای، اختلالات اندوکرین و علل ژنتیک در آنها رد شده بود. بیماران در گروه درمان از 14 روز قبل از IVF هپارین با دوز BID/SC/ 5000 دریافت کردند. نتایج با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS بررسی شد. پس از بررسي توزیع نرمال داده‌ها، نتايج کمی با t-test و نتايج کیفی با آزمون 2 مقایسه شدند. از آنالیز آماری رگرسيون لجستيك جهت بررسی و کنترل اثر عوامل مداخله‌گر استفاده شد. سطح معنی‌داری 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد.نتایج: در پيامد بارداري (رسیدن به هفته 30 بارداري) بین دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری دیده نشد. در 40% افراد گروه تحت درمان با هپارین و 30% از گروه کنترل، تست HCG مثبت شد که اختلاف معنی‌دار نبود. 3/23% از گروه هپارین و 7/16% از گروه کنترل به هفته 30 بارداري رسیدند، که اختلاف از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نبود. در مقایسه نتايج بین افراد دارای علت ایمنولوژیک یا ترومبوفیلی با بیماران با علت ناشناخته در گروهی که تحت درمان با هپارین قرار گرفته بودند اگرچه اختلاف معنی‌دار نبود، ولی در بیماران دارای علت ایمنولوژیک یا ترومبوفیلی تحت درمان با هپارین میزان مثبت شدن  HCGبیشتر از بیماران با علت ناشناخته تحت درمان با هپارین بود (3/58% در مقابل 8/27%).نتيجه‌گيري: با توجه به عدم مشاهده تفاوت معني‌دار از نظر پيامد بارداري در موارد درمان با هپارین در شکست مکرر IVF بین دو گروه در اين مطالعه، به نظر نمي‌رسد كه درمان با هپارین در بیماران شکست مکرر IVF بدون علت مشخص سودمند باشد. اگرچه عليرغم معني‌دار نبودن، پیامد بارداري در گروه زنان دارای علل ایمنولوژیک یا ترومبوفیلی شكستIVF  تحت درمان با هپارین بیشتر بود؛ ولي براي ارائه راهكار درماني انجام مطالعات تصادفي بزرگتر برای بررسی تأثیر هپارین در بیماران مواجه با شكست مكرر در لانه‌گزيني لازم است.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF) is the main cause of IVF failure. Antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the causes of RIF and heparin is its treatment of choice. It is not clear yet whether heparin could be effective in women with other autoimmune disorders or other causes of IVF failure. Since IVF is the choice procedure for various causes of infertility, its application for the treatment of repeated implantation failures is of critical importance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of heparin in women with repeated implantation failures.Materials and Methods:  In this randomized clinical trial,   60 women, with two or more unsuccessful IVF cycles, referring to infertility clinic of Shariati Hospital were randomly selected irrespective of their clinical characteristics from 2006 to 2007. Male factors infertility, anatomic, infectious, endocrine, as well as genetic problems had been ruled out in the participants. Women in the treatment group received 5000 IU heparin subcutaneously twice daily, 14 days prior to IVF.Results: Gestational outcomes (Reaching the 30th week of gestation) between the two groups were the same. Positive -hCG tests were seen in 40% and 30% of the intervention and control groups respectively with no significant statistical differences. Amongst the participants, 23.3% and 16.7% of the intervention and control groups reached the 30th week of pregnancy, respectively with no significant statistical differences. Women with immunologic or thrombophilic factors had more positive -hCG tests than those with unexplained causes (58.3% vs. 27.8%) in the intervention group; although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: It seems that administration of heparin has no effects on women with unexplained infertility or repeated IVF failures. Although women with immunologic or thrombophilic factors had more positive -hCG tests, more extensive trials are warranted in this regard.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>246</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>256</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Leili</Name>
<MidName>L</MidName>
<Family>Safdarian</Family>
<NameE>لیلی</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>صفدریان</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Elham</Name>
<MidName>E</MidName>
<Family>Kheirollahi</Family>
<NameE>الهام </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>خیراللهی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>ekheirollahi@razi.tums.ac.ir</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Ashraf</Name>
<MidName>A</MidName>
<Family>Alyasin</Family>
<NameE>اشرف</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>آل یاسین</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Marzieh</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Agha Hossinei</Family>
<NameE>مرضیه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>آقاحسینی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Endocrinology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Hodjatallah</Name>
<MidName>H</MidName>
<Family>Saeidi</Family>
<NameE>حجت اله </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>سعیدی </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Gestational</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Outcome</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Heparin</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Immunological disorder</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; fertilization</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Luteal phase support</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Repeated implantation failure</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Thrombophilia</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>320.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Speroff L. Fritz. M.A. Assisted Reproductive Techno-logies. Clinical Gynecology Endocrinology and Inferti-lity. 7th Edition. Published by Lippincott Williams &amp; wilkins. 2005;p:1215-48.##Fiedler K, Wurfel W. Effectivity of heparin in assisted reproduction. Eur J Med Res. 2004;9(4):207-14.##Bose P, Blank S, Kadyrov M, Weissenborn U, Neulen J, Regan L, et all. Heparin and aspirin attenuate placen-tal apoptosis in vitro: implications for early pregnancy failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):23-30.##Salmon JE, Girardi G. Antiphospholipid antibodies and pregnancy loss: a disorder of inflammation. J Reprod Immunol. 2008;77(1):51-6.##Girardi G. Heparin treatment in pregnancy loss: Poten-tial therapeutic benefits beyond and coagulation. J Reprod Immuno. 2005;66(1):45-51.##Sarig G, Bulmenfeld Z, Leiba R, Lanir N, Brenner B. Modulation systemic hemostatic parameters by enoxa-parin during of gestation in women with thrombophilia and pregnancy loss. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94(5): 980-5.##Quenby S, Mountfield S, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS, Vince S. Effects of low-molecular-weight and unfrac-tionated heparin on trophoblast function. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(2):354-61.##Di Simone N, Di Nicuolo F, Sanguinetti M. Frrazzani S, D`Alessio NC, Castellani R, et all. Low-Molecular-Weight heparin induces in vitro trophoblast invasive-ness: role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors. Placenta. 2007;28(4):298-304.##Sher G, Feinman M, Zouves C, Kuttner G, Massarani G, Salem R, et all. High fecundity rates following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in antiphospho-lipid antibody seropositive women treated with heparin and aspirin. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(2):2278-83.##Sher G, Maassarani G, Zouves C, Feinman M, Sohn S, Mastzner W, et all. The use of combined heparin/ aspirin and immunoglobulin G therapy in the treatment of in vitro fertilization patients with antithyroid anti-bodies. Am J  Reprod  Immunol. 1998; 39(4):223-5.##Stern C, Catharyn L, Norris H, Hale L, Baker HW. A Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of heparin and aspirin for women with in vitro fertiliza-tion implantation failure and antiphospholipid or anti-nuclear antibodies. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(2):376-83.##Folkeringa N, Brouwerd L, Korteweg FJ, Veeger NJ, Erwich JJ, Holm JP, et all. Reduction of high fetal loss rate by anticoagulant treatment during pregnancy in antithrombin, protein C or protein S deficient women. Br J Haematol. 2007;136(4):656-61.##Gris J-C, Mercier E, Guere I, Lavigne-Lissalde G, Cochery-Nouvellon E, Hoffet M,et all. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus low- dose aspirin in women with one fetal loss and a constitutional thrombophilic disorder. Blood 2004;103:3695-9.##Altomare I, Adler A, Aledort LM. The 5,10 methylen-tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation and risk of fetal loss: a case series and review of the literature. Thromb J. 2007;17:5-17.##Kutteh WH. Antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss: treatment with heparin and low dose aspirin is superior to low dose aspirin alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174(5):1584-9.##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>مقايسه سطح سرمي كلسيم و منيزيوم در زنان مبتلا به پره‌اكلامپسي و بارداري طبيعي</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Serum Calcium and Magnesium in Preeclamptic and Normal Pregnancies; A Comparative Study</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمينه و هدف: پره‌اكلامپسي اختلالي شايع در بارداري بوده، 8-5% بارداريها را دچار عارضه مي‌كند و با افزايش ميزان مرگ و مير و عوارض مادري، جنيني‌ و نوزادي همراه است. تغييرات سطح سرمي كلسيم و منيزيوم به عنوان عاملي مؤثر در بيماري‌زايي پرهاكلامپسي مطرح است. هدف از اين مطالعه مقايسه سطح سرمي كلسيم و منيزيوم در زنان مبتلا به پره‌اكلامپسي و زنان باردار طبيعي است.روش بررسي: مطالعة حاضر به روش موردـ شاهد در زنان باردار طبيعي و مبتلا به پره‌اکلامپسي مراجعه‌کننده به بيمارستان قائم (عج)، وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکي مشهد طي سال 1385 انجام شد. در اين پژوهش نمونه خون وريدي 50 زن باردار مبتلا به پره‌اكلامپسي و 50 زن با بارداري طبيعي با سن بارداري مشابه جمع‌آوري و سطح سرمي كلسيم و منيزيوم آن اندازه‌گيري و مقايسه شد. جهت تجزيه و تحليل آماري از آزمون‌هاي كلموگروف اسميرونف براي بررسي نرماليتي و از روش‌هاي 2، t و آزمون دقيق فيشر و مدل خطي عمومي براي تحليل داده‌ها استفاده گرديد. 05/0p&lt; از نظر آماري معنيدار تلقي شد.نتايج: ميانگين سني زنان در دو گروه با يكديگر تفاوت معنيداري داشت (01/0p&lt;). از نظر سابقه مصرف دخانيات نيز در دو گروه تفاوت معني‌داري وجود داشت (05/0p&lt;). سطح منيزيوم سرم در زنان مبتلا به پره‌اكلامپسي به طور معني‌داري كمتر از زنان باردار طبيعي بود  (01/0p&lt;) (mg/dl37/092/1 در برابر mg/dl69/029/2). سطح كلسيم سرم در پره‌اکلامپسي در مقايسه با بارداري طبيعي از نظر آماري معني‌داري نبود (mg/dl75/016/9، در برابر mg/dl58/147/9).نتيجه گيري: مطالعه حاضر نشان مي‌دهد كه سطح منيزيوم سرم در زنان باردار مبتلا به پره‌اكلامپسي كمتر از زنان باردار طبيعي است. اين يافته از اين فرضيه حمايت مي‌کند که شايد کمبود اين عنصر در پاتوفيزيولوژي پره‌اکلامپسي نقش داشته و بررسي سطح آن در تشخيص زودرس اين عارضه مفيد باشد.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Preeclampsia is a common gestational disorder which complicates 5-8% of pregnancies and it is associated with maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Alterations in serum calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels have been suggested as effective factors in causing preeclampsia. This study was conducted to compare serum calcium and magnesium levels in preeclamptic and normal pregnant women.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 preeclamptic and 50 normal pregnant women referring to Ghaem Hospital, affiliated to Mashad University of Medical Sciences, were selected during 2005. Blood samples of both groups with similar gestational ages were collected and compared for calcium and magnesium concentrations. The data were analyzed by student t-test, 2, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fishers exact tests and a general linear model.Results: The demographic data in the two groups, had no significant difference (P&lt;0.01) but there was a significant difference between them in terms of smoking history (P&lt;0.05). Serum magnesium levels in the preeclamptic women were significantly lower than those of individuals with normal pregnancy (1.920.37 mg/dl vs. 2.290.69 mg/dl), (P&lt;0.01) while calcium levels had no significant differences (9.160.75mg/dl vs. 9.471.58 mg/dl).Conclusion: This study revealed that serum magnesium level in preeclampsia is lower than that of the normal pregnant women. This result may support the hypothesis on the role of magnesium deficiency in preeclampsia pathophysiology and suggest  the usefulness of its assessment in the early diagnosis of the disorder.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>256</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>263</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Fatemeh</Name>
<MidName>F</MidName>
<Family>Vahidrodsari</Family>
<NameE>فاطمه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>وحید رودسری</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Sedigheh</Name>
<MidName></MidName>
<Family>Ayaty</Family>
<NameE>صدیقه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>آیتی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>sed_ayati@yahoo.com</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Alieh</Name>
<MidName>A</MidName>
<Family>Tourabizadeh</Family>
<NameE>عالیه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>ترابی‏زاده</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obs. &amp;amp; Gyn., Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences and Health Services</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obs. &amp; Gyn., Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences and Health Services</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Hossein</Name>
<MidName></MidName>
<Family>Ayat-Allahi</Family>
<NameE>حسین</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>آیت اللهی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Hematology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Hematology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Habibollah</Name>
<MidName>H</MidName>
<Family>Esmaeli</Family>
<NameE>حبیب ا... </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>اسماعیلی </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Biostatistics Center, Department of Community Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Biostatistics Center, Department of Community Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Masoud</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Shahabian</Family>
<NameE>مسعود </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>شهابیان </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Calcium</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Magnesium</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Preeclampsia</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Pregnancy</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Prenatal care</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>321.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Cuningham FG, Levano KJ, Bloom SL, Hauch JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD. Williams Obstetrics. 22nd Edition. New York: Mc Graw. Hill. 2005;pp:762-8.##Sibia BM. Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Hyper-tension. In: Obsterics: Normal and Problem of Pregnan-cies: New York: Churchill livingstone. 2002; pp:639-65.##Aali S, Khazaeli P, Ghasemi F, Mehdizadeh A. Serum magnesium and calcium ions in patients with sever preeclampsia undergoing magnesium sulfate therapy. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13(4):191-4.##Eftekhari N, Salari Z. [The comparison of total and ionized serum calcium level in preeclamptic pregnant women and the women with normal pregnancy]. J Rafsanjan University Med Sci.2005;4(2):123-8. Persian.##Kosch M, Hausberg M, Louwen F, Barenbrock M, Rahn KH, Kisters K. Alterations of plasma calcium and intracellular and membrane calcium in erythrocytes of patients with preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens. 2000; 14(5):333-6.##Kisters K, Barenbrock MG, Louwen F, Hausberg M, Rahn KH, Kosch M. Membrane, intracellular and plasma magnesium  and calcium concentration in preec-lampsia. Am J Hypertens. 2000;13(7):765-9.##Kanchapan S, Vorapong P.Serum calcium and magne-sium in normal and preeclmaptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;273:12-6.##Punthumapol C, Kittichotpanich B. Serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(7):968-73.##Omu AE, Al-Harmi A, Vedi HL, Mlchkova L, Sayed AF, Al-Raqum NS. Magnesium sulphate therapy in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Kuwait. 2008;17(3):227-32.##Niromanesh S, Laghaii S, Mosavi-Jarrahi A. Supple-mentary calcium in prevention of preeclampsia. int J Gyneacol Obstet. 2001;74(1):17-21.##Malas NO, Shurideh ZM. Does serum calcium in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy differ?. Saudi Med J. 2001;22(10):868-71.##More C, Bhattoa HP, Bettembuk P, Balogh A. The effects of pregnancy and lactation on hormonal status and biochemical markers of bone tumorer. Eur J Obstet Gyencol Reprod Biol. 2003;106:209-13.##Ritchie LD, Fung EB, Halloran BP, Turnlund JR , Van Loan MD, Cann CE, King JC .A longitudinal study of calcium homeostasis during human pregnancy and lactation and after resumption of menses. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:693-701.##Power ML, Heaney RP, Kalkwarf HJ, Pitkin RM, Repke JT, Tsang RC, Schulkin J. The role of calcium in health and disease. Am J Obstet Gyencol. 1999;181: 1560-9.##Richards SR, Nelson DM, Zuspan FP. Calcium levels in normal and hypertensive pregnant patients.Am J Obstet Gyencol. 1984;149:168-71.##Pedersen EB, Johannesen P, Kristensen S, Rasmussen AB, Emmertsen K, Moller J, Lauritsen JG, Wohlert M. Calcium, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in normal prengnacy and preeclmapsia. Gyencol Obstet Invest. 1984;18:156-64.##Sanders R, Konijnenberg A, Huijgen HJ, Wolf H, Boer K, Sanders GT. Intracellular and extracellular, ionized and total magnesium in pre-eclampsia and uncompli-cated pregnancy. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999;37:55-9.##Frenkerl Y, Weiss M, Shefi M, Lusky A, Mashiach S, Dolev E. Mononuclear cell magnesium content remains unchanged in various hypertensive disorders of preg-nancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1994;38:220-2.##Handwerker SM, Altura BT, Altura BM. Ionized serum magnesium and potassium levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. J Reprod Med. 1995;40:201-8.##Kulier R, De Dnis M, Culmezoglu AM, Villavj Natritional interventions for the prevention of maternal morbidity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 63:231-46.##Roberts JM, Balk JL, Bodnar LM, Belizan JM, Bergel E, Martinez A. Nutrient involvement in preeclmapsia. J Nutr. 2003;133:1684s-92S.##Touyz RM. Role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Mol Aspects Med. 2003;54:107-36.##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>میزان شیوع و عوامل مرتبط با کم وزنی نوزادان در زایمانهای انجام شده در مرکز آموزشی‌ـ درمانی هاجر شهر کرد در سال 1384</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and its Related Factors in Shahr-e-Kord</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: از آنجائی که بخش بزرگی از مرگ و میر نوزادان در ارتباط با وزن کم زمان تولد می‌باشد و با توجه به اينكه شیوع تولد نوزادان کم وزن در حال افزایش است، در این مطالعه به تعیین میزان شیوع و برخی از عوامل مرتبط با تولد نوزادان کم وزن پرداخته شده است.روش بررسی: این بررسی به روش مقطعی و با استفاده از اطلاعات موجود بر روی 5102 نوزاد متولد شده در سال 1384 در مرکز آموزشی‌ـ درمانی هاجر شهرکرد انجام گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نظر با استفاده از فرم ثبت اطلاعات و از طریق مصاحبه حضوری با مادر، معاینه نوزاد توسط متخصص اطفال و بررسی پرونده مادر و نوزاد، جمع‌آوری گردید. سپس داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های 2 و مدل رگرسیون لجستیک تجزیه و تحلیل گردید و میزان  05/0p&lt; معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.نتایج: از 5102 نوزاد مورد مطالعه 434 نوزاد (5/8%) دارای وزن تولد کمتر از g2500 بودند (حدود اطمینان 5/9% - 5/7%). نسبت شانس کم وزنی در نوزادان چند قلو 3/16 برابر نوزادان تک قلو (0001/0=p)، در نوزادان با سن کمتر از 37 هفته 6/9 برابر نوزادان بیشتر از 37 هفته (0001/0=p)، در مادران با سن کمتر از 20 سال 75/2 برابر مادران با سن بیشتر از 20 سال (04/0=p)، در نوزادان دختر 45/2 برابرنوزادان پسر (04/0=p)، در حاملگی اول 69/3 برابرحاملگی چندم (01/0=p) و در تحصیلات زیر دیپلم مادر 22/1 برابر تحصیلات بالای دیپلم  (045/0=p) بود. ارتباط معنی‌داری بین محل سکونت مادر و کم وزنی نوزاد در بدو تولد وجود نداشت.نتیجه‌گیری: شیوع کم وزنی نوزادان در مرکز آموزشی‌ـ درمانی هاجر شهرکرد مشابه سایر نقاط کشور است. پیشگیری از زایمان‌های زودرس و اجرای برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای آموزشی برای گروه‌های پرخطر به‌ویژه مادران جوان با سن کمتر از 20 سال و مادران اول‌زا، همچنین مادرانی که تحصیلات کم دارند، می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در پیشگیری از کم وزنی نوزادان داشته باشد.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Since a great number of neonatal mortality is related to low birth weight (LBW) and its prevalence of LBW is increasing in different populations, this study was carried out to identify the prevalence of LBW and some of its related factors at Hadjar Educational Hospital in Shahr-e-Kord, during 2006.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 5102 neonates. The data were collected by completing a form through physical examinations of the neonates by pediatricians and interview with their mothers.Results: Out of 5102 neonates, 434 (8.5%) had low birth weight than 2500gr (CI=7.5%-9.5%). The odds ratio for low birth weight in multiples was 16.3 times greater than singletons (P=0.0001), 9.6 times greater in gestational ages before the 37th week than after it (P=0.0001), and 2.75 times greater in mothers under 20, than older ones (P=0.04). In addition, the odds ratio was 2.45 times greater in female versus male neonates (P=0.04), 3.69 times greater in primigravidas than multigravidas (P=0.01) and 1.22 times greater in mothers under high school diploma than those with higher education (P=0.045). No significant relationships were found between the mothers’ residential areas and low birth weight.Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW in Shahr-e-Kord was similar to other parts of Iran. Preventing preterm labor and holding educational programs for high-risk mothers, particularly under 20 mothers, primiparous women and those with lower educational attainments can play an effective role in the prevention of low birth weight.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>263</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>271</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Masoumeh</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Delaram</Family>
<NameE>معصومه </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>دل‌آرام </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing &amp;amp; Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Science &amp;amp; Health Services</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Science &amp; Health Services</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>masoumehdelaram@yahoo.com</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Alireza</Name>
<MidName>A</MidName>
<Family>Ahmadi</Family>
<NameE>علیرضا</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>احمدی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of  Biomedicine women, Research Center,Alzahra University</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of  Biomedicine women, Research Center,Alzahra University</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Low birth weight</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Pregnancy</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Prenatal care</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Preterm labor</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Primiparous</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>322.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Alexander GR, Wingate MS, Mor J, Boulet S. Birth outcomes of Asian-Indian-Americans. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;97(3):215-20.##Kramer MS, Barros FC, Demissie K, Liu S, Kiely J, Joseph KS. Does reducing infant mortality depend on preventing low birthweight? An analysis of temporal trends in the Americas. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2005;19(6):445-51.##Karimian S, Molla Mohammadi M, Jandaghi GhR. [Prevalence of low birth weight infants and its related factors in Qom delivery units in 2000]. FEYZ J. 2003; 27(7):76-80. Persian.##Stoll BJ, Kliegtman RM. Overview of mortality and morbidity. In: Behrman RE, Kliegtman RM, Jenson HB. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17th Edition. Phila-delphia, Saunders company. 2004;p.519-23.##Mansour E, Eissa AN, Nofal LM, Kharboush I, Reda AA. Morbidity and mortality of low-birth-weight infants in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J. 2005;11(4): 723-31.##Hoffman MC, Jeffers S, Carter J, Duthely L, Cotter A, Gonzalez-Quintero VH. Pregnancy at or beyond age 40 years is associated with an increased risk of fetal death and other adverse outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(5):e11-3.##Biernacka JB, Hanke W. [The effect of occupational and non-occupational psychosocial stress on the course of pregnancy and its outcome]. Med Pr. 2006;57(3): 281-90. Review. Polish.##Bisai S, Mahalanabis D, Sen A, Bose K, Datta N. Maternal early second trimester pregnancy weight in relation to birth outcome among Bengalee Hindus of Kolkata, India. Ann Hum Biol. 2007;34(1):91-101.##Lone FW, Qureshi RN, Emanuel F. Maternal anaemia and its impact on perinatal outcome.Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9(4):486-90.##Raqib R, Alam DS, Sarker P, Ahmad SM, Ara G, Yunus M, Moore SE, Fuchs G. Low birth weight is associated with altered immune function in rural Bangladeshi children: a birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):845-52.##Kaneshi T, Yoshida T, Ohshiro T, Nagasaki H, Asato Y, Ohta T. Birthweight and risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases in Japanese schoolchildren. Pediatr Int. 2007;49(2):138-43.##Mosayebi Z, Fakhraei SH, Movahedian AH. [Preva-lence and risk factors of low birth weight infants in Mahdieh Hospita in, Tehran]. FEYZ J. 2004;30(8):58-67. Persian.##Zahed Pasha Y, Esmaeili MR, Haji Ahmadi M, Asgar-doon Gh, Ghadimi R, Baleghi M and etal. [Effect of risk factors on low birth weight neonates]. J Babol  University Med Sci. 2004;22(6):18-24. Persian.##Wannous S, Arous S. Incidence and determinants of low birth weight in Syrian government hospitals. East Mediterr health J. 2001;7(6):966-74.##Lasker JN, Coyle B, Li K, Ortynsky M. Assessment of risk factors for low birth weight deliveries. Health Care Women Int. 2005;26(3):262-80.##Makki AM. Risk factors for low birth weight in san, scity, Yemen. Ann Saudi Med. 2002;22(5-6):333-5.##Eslami Z, Aflatoonian A. [A study to determine the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) infants in Yazd]. J Shahid Sadoughi University Med Sci Health Serv. 2002;2(10):3-8. Persian.##Takimoto H, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Fukuoka H. Increase in low-birth-weight infants in Japan and associated risk factors, 1980-2000. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2005;31(4):314-22.##Watson-Jones D, Weiss HA, Changalucha JM, Todd J, Gumodoka B, Bulmer J, Balira R, Ross D, Mugeye K, Hayes R, Mabey D. Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania--impact and prevention of mater-nal risk factors. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85 (1):9-18 .##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>اختلال عملكرد جنسی زوجين و برخي عوامل مرتبط با آن در دوران بارداري</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Sexual Dysfunction in Couples and its Related Factors during Pregnancy</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمينه و هدف: بارداري يكي از حساس‌ترين دوره هاي زندگي زنان است و روابط جنسي و زناشويي زوجين در اثر تغييرات فيزيكي و روانشناختي متعدد اين دوره دستخوش تغيير مي شود؛ لذا توجه ناكافي به امور جنسي در دوران بارداري مي تواند باعث بروز اختلال در عملكرد جنسي هر يك از زوجين شود. اين پژوهش با هدف تعيين اختلال عملكرد جنسي و برخي عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان باردار و همسران آنها انجام شد.روش بررسي: در اين مطالعه از نوع توصيفي‌ـ تحليلي اختلال عملكرد جنسی و عوامل مرتبط با آن در 
350 زوج در دوران بارداري مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. زوجين شركت كننده در اين مطالعه به روش نمونه‌گيري طبقه‌بندي شده انتخاب شدند. گردآوري داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه اي مشتمل بر سه بخش مشخصات فردي‌ـ اجتماعي، نگرش واحدهاي مورد پژوهش نسبت به فعاليت جنسي در دوران بارداري و پرسشنامه تجارب جنسي آريزوناي مربوط به زن و مرد انجام گرفت. از آزمون مجذور كاي و مدل رگرسيون لجستيك براي تحليل داده‌ها استفاده و مقادير p كمتر از 05/0 معني‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.نتايج: در اين مطالعه 5/12% از زوجين در سه ماهه اول، 3/11% در سه ماهه دوم و 21% در سه ماهه سوم بارداري اختلال عملكرد جنسي داشتند. در سه ماهه اول، دوم و سوم بارداري اختلال ميل جنسي در زنان و عدم رضايتمندي جنسي و نيز عدم رسيدن به ارگاسم شايعترين اختلال عملكرد جنسي در مردان بود. در سه ماهه  سوم بارداري بين اختلال عملكرد جنسي مردان با ترس از صدمه به جنين (009/p=) و احساس گناه (001/0p&lt;) ارتباط آماري وجود داشت. از طرف ديگر ترس از صدمه به جنين ناشي از فعاليت جنسي (5/1= OR)، احساس كاهش جذابيت جنسي (43/1= OR)، عدم رضايت از درآمد خانوادگي (67/2= OR)، ناخواسته بودن بارداري (05/4=OR) و سطح تحصيلات پايين (49/2= OR) با اختلال جنسي در زنان ارتباط معني‌دار داشت. نتيجه‌گيري: با توجه به اينكه آگاهي، عقايد و نگرش در مورد فعاليت جنسی در بارداری، عملكرد جنسی زوجين را تحت تاثير قرار مي‌دهد ارائه آموزش و مشاوره‌هاي لازم در اين زمينه توصيه مي‌شود.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most critical periods in women’s lives. Sexual and marital relationships could change due to physical and psychological alterations during this period. Disregarding sexual relationships during pregnancy may result in sexual dysfunction in couples. This study was performed to determine sexual dysfunction and some of its related factors in pregnant women and their spouses.Materials &amp; Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, sexual dysfunction and some of its related factors, prevalent during pregnancy, were studied in 350 couples, through stratified sampling. A three-part questionnaire was used for data gathering: 1) Demographic, 2) Couples’ attitudes towards sexual activities during pregnancy, and 3) Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX)_ both female and male versions. The results were statistically sccrutimized.Results: Sexual dysfunction was found in 12.5%, 11.3% and 21% of the couples in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. Altered sex drive in women and sexual dissatisfaction and inability to reach orgasm in men were the most prevalent sexual dysfunctions at each pregnancy trimester. A significant relationship was found between male sexual dysfunction and fear of injury to the fetus (P=0.009) and feeling of guilt (P&lt;0.001) in the third trimester. Similarly, female sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with fear of injury to the fetus (OR=1.5), feeling of decreased sexual attractiveness (OR=1.43), discontent with family’s financial situation (OR=2.67), unwanted pregnancy (OR=4.05) and low level of education (OR=2.49).Conclusion: As couples’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding sexual activity during pregnancy influence their sexual function, holding educational programs and providing consultation to address the issue during prenatal care are recommended.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>271</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>283</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Roqaieh</Name>
<MidName>R</MidName>
<Family>Bayrami</Family>
<NameE>رقیه </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>بایرامی </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Ghamar Banihashem Hospital</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Ghamar Banihashem Hospital</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>rozabayrami@yahoo.com</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Niloofar</Name>
<MidName>N</MidName>
<Family>Sattarzadeh</Family>
<NameE>نیلوفر</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>ستارزاده</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing &amp;amp; Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Fatemeh</Name>
<MidName>F</MidName>
<Family>Ranjbar Koochaksariie</Family>
<NameE>فاطمه</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>رنجبرکوچکسرائی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Mohammad Zakaria</Name>
<MidName>MZ</MidName>
<Family>Pezeshki</Family>
<NameE>محمدزکریا</NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>پزشکی</FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of  Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of  Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Attitude</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Couples</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Pregnancy</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Psychological behavior</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Satisfaction</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sexual behavior</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sexual dysfunction</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sexual response cycle</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Sexuality</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>323.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
            <REF>Mehrabi F, Dadfar M. [The role of psychological factors in sexual functional disorders]. Iran J Psychiat Clin psychol. 2003;9(1(33)):4-11. Persian.##Jahanfar SH, Molaeenezhad. [Text book of sexual dis-orders]. Salemi &amp; bizhe publication, Tehran. 2002;p. 11-61. Persian.##Gelder M, Magou R, Geddes J. [Oxford core texts psy-chiatry]. Translated by Pourafkary N. 2nd Edition. Gol-ban medcal publication. 2003;p.209. Persian.##Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Bosch R, Fugl-Meyer AR, Laumann EO, Lizza E, et al.Epidemiology/risk factors of sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2004;1(1):35-9.##Read J. Sexual problems associated with infertility, pregnancy and agening. BMJ. 2004;392:587-9.##Murrage SS, Corrie T. Foundation of maternal newborn nursing. 3rd Edition. WB sunders company, Filadel-phia. 2002;p.164-6.##Lee JT. The meaning of sexual satisfaction. J Mid-wifery Womens Health. 2002;47(4):278-86.##Sydow KV. Sexuality during pregnancy and after child birth: A meta content analysis of 59 studies of psycho-somatic research. J Psychosomat Res. 1999;47(1):27-49.##Smith MA, Shimp LA. 20 common problem in women’s health care. Mcgraw-Hill, New York.2000;136-48.##Nichols FH, Humenick SS. Child birth education, 2nd Edition. WB sunders company, Philadelphia. 2000;p. 49-63.##Lawoyin TO, Larsen U. Male sexual behaviour during wifes pregnancy and postpartum abstinence period in Oyo State. Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci. 2002;34(1):51-63.##Andrews  G. Womens sexual health. 2nd Edition. Bailliere tindal. Edinburgh. 2001;p.161-72.##Sanfilippo JS, Smith RP. Primery care in obstetrics and gynecology. Springer press, New york. 1998;p. 510-2.##Lowdermik Dl, Perry SE, Bobak IM. Maternity &amp; Womens Health Care. 7th Edition. Mosby company, London. 2000;p.418-20.##Sajatovic M, Ramirez LF. Rating scales in mental health. 2nd Edition. Lexicomp. 2003;p.372-3.##McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, Moreno FA, Delgado PL, McKnight KM, et al. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and vali-iy. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26(1):25-40.##Pezeshki MZ, Bayrami R. [Reliability and construct validity of Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) among pregnant women referred to Tabriz urban health centers, 2004]. 2nd National congress on family and sexual problems. Tehran, October 25-26. 2005;p.131.##Erol B, Sanli O, Korkmaz D, Seyhan A, Akman T, Kadioglu A.  A cross-sectional study of female sexual function and dysfunction during pregnancy. J Sex Med. 2007;4(5):1381-7.##Rahimi S, Seyyed Rasooly E. [Sexual behavior during pregnancy: Adescriptive study of pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran]. Payesh J. 2004;3(4):291-9. Persian.##Heydari M, Mohammadi Kh, Faghihzadeh S. [The Study of Sexuality Changes during Pregnancy]. Bi-onthly J Med Daneshvar. 2005;13(61):32-7. Persian.##Nichols FH, Humenick SS. Child birth education. 2nd Edition. WB sunders company. Philadelphia. 2000;p. 49-63.##Onah HE, Iloabachie GC,Obi SN, Ezugwu FO, Eze JN. Nigerian male sexual activity during pregnancy, Int J  Gynecol Obstet. 2002;76:219-23.##Heidari M, Kiani Asiabar A, Faghih Zadeh S. [Couples knowledge and attitude about sexuality in pregnancy]. Tehran University Med J (TUMJ). 2006; 64(9):83-9. Persian.##Sattarzadeh N, Yavari kya P. [sexual activity changes during pregnancy].  congress on family and sexual problems. Tehran, Shahed University. October 15-16, 2003;p.73. Persian.##Senkumwong N, Chaovisitsaree S, Rugpao S, Chand-rawongse W, Yanunto S. The changes of sexuality in Thai women during pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89(l 4):124-9.##Pasha H, Haj Ahmadi M. [Evaluation of Sexual behaviors in pregnant women and some related factors, Babol, Iran]. 2004. Med J Hormozgan University. 2007;10(4):343-8. Persian.##Hassan Zahraee R, Shafie K, Bashardoost N, Reihani M, Jaberi P. [Study of the related factors in couple sexual relationship during pregnancy]. J Qazvin Uni-versity Med Sci. Winter 2002;(20):62-7. Persian.##Oruc S, Esen A, Lacin S, Adiguzel H, Uyar Y and Koyuncu Fsexual behavior during pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;39(1):48-50.##Shojaa M. Joybari L, Sanagoo A. [Current believes about sexual intercourse during pregnancy among pregnant women]. Iran J Psychiat Clin Psychol. Letter to  the editor. Summer 2008;14(2):220-1. Persian.##Reamy KJ, Whites SE. Sexuality in the puerperium: a review. Arch Sex Behav. 1987;16:165-86.##Ozgoli G, Khoushabi K, Valaie N, Dolatian M, Tar-verdi M. [Surveying the knowledge and attitude toward sexual relation and its relivant factors in pregnant women referring to primary health care centers in Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2004]. Pejouhandeh J. 2006;2(6):137-47. Persian.##Boyd M. Psychiatric Nursing Contemporary Practice. 2nd Edition. Lipincott company, phyladelphia. 2001;p. 173.##Bayrami R, Haghighi moghaddam Y. [Sexuality during pregnancy]. Mehr e Amiralmomenin Publica-tion, Ghom. 2006;p.69-80. Persian.##Al Bustan MA, el Tomi NF, Faiwalla MF, Manav V. Maternal sexuality during pregnancy and after child-birth in Muslim Kuwaiti women. Arch Sex Behav. 1995;24(2):207-15.##Matteson P SH. Women’s health during child bearing years: A community- based approach. Mosby, St. louis. 2001;p.425-8.##</REF>
        </REFRENCE>
    </REFRENCES>
</ARTICLE>

<ARTICLE>
    <TitleF>چرخش ایزوله لوله فالوپ در دختر 12 ساله قبل از منارک</TitleF>
    <TitleE>Isolated Torsion of Fallopian Tube in a 12-Year-Old Premenarcheal Girl; A Case Report</TitleE>
    <TitleLang_ID>2</TitleLang_ID>
    <ABSTRACTS>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: چرخش ایــزوله لوله فالوپ وضعیتي نادر است که ممكن است در تمام سنین رخ دهد؛ ولی بیشتر در سنین باروری دیده می‌شود. اهمیت موضوع در تشخیص زودرس و درمان فوری آن براي حفظ لوله فالوپ می‌باشد. گزارش مورد: بیمار دختري 12 ساله است که هنوز قاعدگی وی شروع نشده و با علائم درد حاد لگني در ربع تحتاني راست شكم از 24 ساعت قبل، همراه با حالت تهوع و استفراغ مراجعه نموده بود. حساسيت در معاينه در ربع تحتانی راست شکم، بدون توده قابل لمس وجود داشت. در سونوگرافی توده‌ای حاوی اجزا توپر و کیستیک به ابعاد mm35&#215;65 در ادنکس راست گزارش گردید. در هنگام لاپاراتومی، چرخش ایزوله لوله سمت راست وجود داشت که نکروزه شده بود؛ لذا سالپنژکتومی برای بیمار انجام و قاعدگی بیمار یک هفته بعد آغاز گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: چرخش ایزوله لوله فالوپ باید در تشخیص افتراقی درد حاد قسمت تحتانی شکم و لگن در نوجوانان قبل از منارک قرار گیرد و در صورت بروز چرخش، جراحی فوری برای حفظ لوله رحمي در اين افراد ضروری است.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
        <ABSTRACT>
            <Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
            <CONTENT>Introduction: Isolated torsion of the fallopian tubes is a rare condition. Although, it can occur at all ages, it is mostly observed during reproductive ages. Early diagnosis and urgent management of the condition is crucial to preserving the tube.Case Report: A 12-year-old premenarcheal girl presented with a sudden, severe right-sided lower abdominal pain. The pain had begun 24 hours earlier. The girl had nausea and vomiting. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the right lower quadrant with no palpable mass. Pelvic ultrasound showed a right adnexal mass measuring 65&#215;35 mm and containing dense and cystic tissues with simple appearance. At laparotomy, an isolated twist of the right fallopian tube with necrosis was found, leaving no choice other than salpingectomy. Menstruation began one week following surgery.Conclusion: Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominopelvic pain in premenarcheal adolescent girls. Prompt surgical intervention is necessary to preserve the fallopian tube.</CONTENT>
        </ABSTRACT>
    </ABSTRACTS>
    <PAGES>
        <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>283</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>289</TPAGE>
        </PAGE>
    </PAGES>
    <AUTHORS>
        <AUTHOR>
<Name>Nayereh</Name>
<MidName>N</MidName>
<Family>Ghomian</Family>
<NameE>نیره </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>قمیان </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email>ghomiann@mums.ac.ir</Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
<Name>Marzieh</Name>
<MidName>M</MidName>
<Family>Lotfalizadeh</Family>
<NameE>مرضیه </NameE>
<MidNameE></MidNameE>
<FamilyE>لطفعلیزاده </FamilyE>
<Organizations>
<Organization>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</Organization>
</Organizations>
<Universities>
<University>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences</University>
</Universities>
<Countries>
<Country>Iran</Country>
</Countries>
<EMAILS>
<Email></Email>
</EMAILS>
</AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
    <KEYWORDS>
        <KEYWORD><KeyText>Abdominal pain</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Adnexal</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Fallopian tube</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Torsion</KeyText></KEYWORD><KEYWORD><KeyText>Uterine appendages</KeyText></KEYWORD>
    </KEYWORDS>
    <PDFFileName>324.pdf</PDFFileName>
    <REFRENCES>
        <REFRENCE>
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