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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Reprod Infert</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arij001</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Reproduction &amp; Infertility</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2228-5482</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2251-676X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Avicenna Research Institute</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jri231</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid"></article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
             <subject></subject> 
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
            <subject></subject>
        </subj-group> 
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Use of herbal medicines by pregnant women in Shahr-e-Kord</article-title>
      </title-group>
        <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sereshty</surname><given-names>Manizheh</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Science &amp; Health Services, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Azari</surname><given-names>Pouran</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Medicine &amp; Surgery, Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rafiean</surname><given-names>Mahmoud</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kheiri</surname><given-names>Soleiman</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Statistic&amp; Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran</aff></contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>125</fpage>
      <lpage>132</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>1</day>
          <month>7</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>1</day>
          <month>7</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract>
      <p>
      Introduction: Researchers have shown that herbal medicines are used by a large portion of pregnant women. Herbs are generally perceived as safe, harmless and free from side-effect but there have been reports on side-effects in pregnant mothers and their fetuses as well as on drug interactions. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the use of herbal medi-cines among pregnant women referring to health care centers in Shahr-e-Kord. 
Materials &amp; Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 447 pregnant women, referring to health care centers and Hajar Hospital in Shahr-e-Kord, were interviewed while employing a structured questionnaire. The cases were chosen by simple random sampling. For the data analysis, student t-test and 2 were used.
Results: In all, 51.9% of the pregnant women reported the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy. 91.7% of the women, had a positive attitude toward the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy, but 15% believed that the use of herbal medicines in pregnancy was unsafe. Among respondents, 55.9% had not reported the use of herbs to their physicians and the most common reasons for nondisclosure were the belief that herbal medicines were natural and safe (39.1%) and that doctors never asked about them (34.8%). The most commonly reported uses of herbs were for common cold (29.1%), abdominal pain (17.4%) and induction of labor (11.7&amp;). Anchusa officinalis was the most commonly used herb among 55 other species of herbs. 74.2% of medicinal herb consumers cited family and relatives as their main source of information on the herbs. Factors associated with the use of herbal medicines in pregnancy were number of parities 1-3, monthly income more than 1,500,000 Rials and age 20-29, but none were statistically significant. There were significantly lower frequencies of herbal use in pregnancy among women with academic education (p=.004).
Conclusion: The widespread use of herbal medications and the positive attitude toward them during pregnancy, indicates an increased need to educate health-care providers on these issues to advise women not to expose themselves and their fetuses to the probable risks of herbal preparations.
      </p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
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