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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Reprod Infert</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arij001</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Reproduction &amp; Infertility</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2228-5482</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2251-676X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Avicenna Research Institute</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jri416</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid"></article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
             <subject></subject> 
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
            <subject></subject>
        </subj-group> 
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) on Oocyte Quality and Fertilization Rate in Mice</article-title>
      </title-group>
        <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haji- Maghsoudi</surname><given-names>Fatemeh</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khalili</surname><given-names>Mohammad Ali</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Biology and Anatomy, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karimzade</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department o f Internal Medicine, Afzalipour Educational Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran</aff></contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>077</fpage>
      <lpage>86</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2009</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>1</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract>
      <p>
      Introduction: Ecstasy drug abuse is relatively common among the youth undergoing psychosocial stresses. Categorized as a stimulant drug, ecstasy has nervous, cardiac and immunological side-effects. The endocrine system is not spared from the harmful effects of the drug and it could influence ovulation by exerting its effects on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ecstasy on the quality of oocytes and on fertilization rate in mice.
Materials and Methods: Thirty female NMRI mice were divided into three groups, after checking for their estrous cycles. At the beginning of each cycle, ecstasy was administered intraperitoneally to the animals in groups A (a minimum dose of 5 mg/kg/day) and B (a maximum dose of 20 mg/kg/day). At the end of the second day, 10 IU PMSG, and at the end of the 4th day, 10 IU HCG were administered intra-peritoneally. The mice in group C underwent the same procedures except receiving ecstasy. All the mice were sacrificed on the fifth day to aspirate their oocytes for further evaluation. In-vitro fertilization was done using mature or MII oocytes and fertilization was checked after 5 hours. The results were later statistically analyzed.
Results: The number of retrieved oocytes was similar between the experimental and control groups. However, the rate of mature oocytes (MII) was significantly higher 
(p = 0.0001) in the controls (31.2%) than the mice in groups A (15.2%) and B (12.8%). Moreover, fertilization rate was significantly higher in the controls than the experi-mental groups. 
Conclusion: Administration of Ecstasy in mice can affect both oocyte maturity and the fertilization potential of oocytes. The overall effects of ecstasy on embryo devel-opment and implantation needs further studies to reach a definitive conclusion.

      </p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
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