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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Reprod Infert</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arij001</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Reproduction &amp; Infertility</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2228-5482</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2251-676X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Avicenna Research Institute</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jri80077</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid"></article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
             <subject></subject> 
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
            <subject></subject>
        </subj-group> 
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Octyl Gallate Through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Pathway in Rat Endometriosis Model</article-title>
      </title-group>
        <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bustami</surname><given-names>Arleni</given-names></name></contrib><aff> Integrated Laboratory of Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lestari</surname><given-names>Wahyu</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayuningrum</surname><given-names>Cicilia</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Departement of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wibowo</surname><given-names>Heri</given-names></name></contrib><aff> Integrated Laboratory of Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff><aff>Departement of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wuyung</surname><given-names>Puspita</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Departement of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Natadisastra</surname><given-names>R. Muharam</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia</aff></contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>169</fpage>
      <lpage>176</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>3</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract>
      <p>
      &lt;p&gt;Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Our previous studies found that the anti-inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in endometriosis cell culture was more effective than gallic acid and heptyl gallate. This study aimed to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in rat endometriosis model.&lt;br /&gt;
Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the sham-operated group, group II was the surgically-induced&amp;nbsp;group, whereas group III was the surgically-induced&amp;nbsp;group and each rat was administered with 20 &lt;em&gt;mg&lt;/em&gt; of octyl gallate dissolved in 1 &lt;em&gt;ml&lt;/em&gt; Na-CMC via oral gavage once a day for 30 days. When all rats were euthanized, the endometrial tissue from group I and last two groups were collected for further analysis. TNF-&amp;alpha; levels were measured using Luminex, while non-phosphorylated NF-&amp;kappa;B and COX-2 levels were analyzed using ELISA.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Results: The average of non-phosphorylated NF-&amp;kappa;B levels in group III (4.970&amp;plusmn;0.971 &lt;em&gt;pg/mgP&lt;/em&gt;) was significantly higher than group II (3.97&amp;plusmn;0.656 &lt;em&gt;pg/mgP&lt;/em&gt;). Moreover, the proportion of rats with the high level of non-phosphorylated NF-&amp;kappa;B in group III was 45.6% higher than group II (p&amp;lt;0.05). The proportion of rats with the high level of COX-2 in group III was 22.3% lower than group II (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference in TNF-&amp;alpha; levels between all groups.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of octyl gallate may has effects in NF-&amp;kappa;B activation and reduction of COX-2 levels in rat endometriosis model.&lt;/p&gt;

      </p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
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